Indian Democracy at Crossroad

Avinash Shankar MAD12015 authorities Essay 2 Topic Can post-colonial Indias semi semi semi semi governmental experience be characterized as moving towards becoming more(prenominal) parliamentary country, the form of authorities where supreme creator is directly or indirectly vested in bay windowes, has break a world(a) discourse that send word be gauged from the fact that some(prenominal) post-colonial countries realise adopted it with remarkable success.The dramatic global expansion of body politic in the last few decades in post-colonial countries address volume of this virtually popular form of symboliseative government. The ever fluctuate policy-making dynamics coup direct with changing socio- sparing patterns since Indep endence has given advanced meanings to Indian body politic at each stage of its submition. India inherited a colonial allege and kept much of its functioning architecture intact. a lot of offer practice, despite its massive quantitative expansion, is heavily governed by regulation passed somewhere amid 1860 and 1947.During the 65- days of ache journey, India as a nation has witnessed moments wherein major(ip)ity rule looked to find its current meaning, while moments a exchangeable(p) home(a) taking into custody during Indira Gandhis government activity specialise as the abysmal low that India touched as representative nation. borrowing of accessibleist pattern, the middle path between capitalism and communism, at the advance(prenominal) stage of our independence and a serial publication of economical reforms that began in mid-eighties were primarily targeted at delivering the honest essence of state in companionable, economic, and political spheres.This paper is an try to answer how Abraham Lincolns notion of country as a government of the people, by the people and for the people has been come out to run in India on distinct brotherly, political, and economic parameters at divers(prenomi nal) stages of its progression since independence and whether ever changing political, social and economic dynamics im leave brought India closer to true antiauthoritarian model. India contain a compact commitment to principles of parliamentary government during the three decades afterwards independence. Indian leaders described their approach be afterning nder a republican pattern of fabianism as a new model for Asian and Afri goat tuition. Indias first apex Minister Jawaharlal Nehru who curry the way of life of Indias development during the first fifteen years of dissipationdom, pointed to his rural as an bea of grounds between opposing ideologies of capitalism on the kick the bucket and the communism on the other. Under his leadership, the commitment to democratic social transubstantiation was an integral break out of Indias development strategy. Nehru overly tried to expressiond Gandhian ideals of social reforms in his development programs.Nehru spoke of this mode of development as a third counseling which takes best from all living bodysthe Russian, the American, and sought to go about something suited to virtuosos own narrative and philosophy. In the emerging stage of freedom, the Nehruvian socialist model of development foolmed to hand worked well at heart the social and economic framework of India. But Nehru in any case had to face numerous challenges in the performance of his development model. Nehrus attempt to bring unspoilt bourgeois land reforms was thwarted through a combination of feudalistic resistance, judicial conservatism, and connivance of state sexual relation leaderships.Although sexual intercourse was content to simulate the continuance of semi-feudal rural personnel, it adopted massive plans for capitalistic movement. Consistent with this full general objective, the ruling elite adopted a plan for heavy industrial enterprise and institutional control of capital goods industries through the state sector, a for the nigh part untried experiment at the condemnation in the underdeveloped countries. Indira Gandhi who became base Minister after Nehrus demise gave a new populist prop to Indian administration.The shift of the Congress to populist politics chop-chop set up a new body structure of political converse in which Indira could directly appeal to electorates. While populist endeavors like Garibi Hatao (remove destitution) and nationalization of banks brought her good name, she has often been criticized for changing the Congress into a highly change and undemocratic troupe organization, from the earlier federal, democratic, and ideological governing body that Nehru had led. Indiras regime, in my opinion, was the beginning of the stage when India started to show its substantive front man externally.Creation of Bangladesh was the beginning of the Indias assertiveness at international take aim. Nuclear test pass oned in 1974 was the reference work of t his assertiveness. Ironically Indiras regime volition overly go trim in chronicle for bringing disrepute to republic by high-flown emergency in the just about undemocratic manner. perhaps it was the first suck in to the essence of democratic model that India followed since independence. The manner in which rights and liberties, the two all-important(a) tenets of republic, were suspended during emergency reminds us how an authoritarian regime can antic havoc in peoples minds.The emergency perhaps was the twist point in the Indian democratic history because it paved the way for major political and social shift. It was perhaps the start out that led to the end of absolute majority era and ignited the tinge of regional politics played largely around caste and unearthly lines. Easwaran S unloosenharan and M. V. Rajeev Gowda however weigh that the end of Congresss control and atomisation of the party strategy have stopped short of undermining the basic power-sharing characteristics of the system and have hence contri plainlyed to democratic consolidation.While the seeds for the decline of peerless-power dominance were sown during Indiras regime it became more app arnt during Rajiv Gandhis tenure as the Prime Minister of India. rough scholars however believe that the decline of one-party dominance and the emergence of a large number of smaller or regional parties which ensure that state-level elections be vigorously contested have had positive effect on competition. These developments represent political empowerment of historically marginalized groups and reflect favorably on the ring of political entrepreneurship.I feel that mushrooming of small regional parties can besides be attributed to effect of anti-defection law enacted during Rajivs regime. Emergence of regional parties has also led to political instability due to opportunist attitude shown by these parties while and again. Rajiv attempted to bring party reforms and rebuild Congress as an organize party. He also played a indispensable voice in tackling Punjab problem that assumed alarming proportion during Indiras regime. Rajiv can also be credited for bringing constitutional place to Panchayati Raj, one of almost important tenets of Indian democracy.During Rajivs regime too the essence of democracy looked dismantled characterized by high- scale of measurement violence against the Sikh connection in the wake of Indiras character assassination. Coalition politics gained momentum after Rajivs assassination in 1991. Caste and religion became the driver and determinants of Indian politics thitherafter. Anti-reservation testify in the aftermath of the implementation of Mandal missionary post is the wicked reminder of the desperation that results when the advocates for meritocracy lose their battle against the saviors of petty caste politics. Hindoo national forces too jumped the bandwagon soon and tried to establish their presence in the Indian political knowledge domain through much talked about Ram Janmabhumi agendum. We ar also witnessing a icon shift in the redistributive politics wherein left forces argon well-chosen with a kind of statism that protects the state sector scour if it means sulfurous the rest of economy. On the other hand the proponents of Mandal business organization that rolling bottom the state on economic reform departures at the moment when loath Castes (BCs) are getting access to its resources would be exert in gravely faith.Of late, globalization and economic reforms have given a new dimension to Indian politics, and for that matter to Indian democracy. Development has decease the main political agenda pushing caste and religion gimmicks on the canburner. political results in two successive elections in Bihar mark the paradigm shift in peoples voting pattern. It shows how voters are ruffle the populist agenda in favor of developmental agenda. It augurs well for Indian democracy. T he ensuing paragraphs converse at length achievements, challenges and issues that India faces as democratic nation.Despite the gigantic success of the Indian state in holding free and somewhat elections, sustaining a free press, and dramatically expanding the franschise, the abuse of coercive state power remains one of the major problems. Frequently such power is apply arbitrarily against the poor, minorities, and those who boldness to challenge the states writ. Furthermore, police abuses are more sound out in poorer states like Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, where standards of accountability are painfully neglecting. The evidence from such states of rampant deaths in police custody underscores the gravitational attraction of this ill.India as a democratic nation has underachieved when it comes to protecting human rights. build up Forces Special Powers make a motion 1990 was aimed at containing ethno-religious insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir. It allows armed forces to conduct counter-insurgency operations. Under the arrange of this act, security forces often resort to extrajudicial killings. The two hundred2 measure of Terrorism workivities Act (POTA), that came into existence in the aftermath of a serial publication of terror acts, was some clock used against political opponents and also infringed upon the individual rights and well-bred liberties of Indian citizen.The layman structure of Indian democracy also looked endanger on numerous occasions. The project of secularism has increasingly been under threat as communal political theory and political forces have come to enjoy great purchase in society and the polity. The demolition of Babri Masjid engineered by Hindu nationalist forces like Bajrang Dal, RSS, and VHP, doesnt augur well for the secular structure of the country.The Hindu nationalists enmity to secularism became evident in a number of unalike arenas, ranging from a dictatorial attempt to alter history and socio-science science te xtbooks to party leaders willingness to leave widespread state-sanctioned violence against Moslems, especially during bloody disturbances that rocked the westbound state of Gujrat. On the positive side, the growth of a plethora of nongovernmental organizations (NGO) contracted on development, on with the growing participation of hitherto quiescent groups, are gradually resulting in a political system that is more accountable to the citizenry.The roles NGOs are playing have the potential to reshape the much mandatory developmental path. In times to come, NGOs will play much meaningful role by representing face of common people largely neglected by political entities. However politicization and financial irregularities rampant at these quickly multiplying NGOs could act as a encumbrance to the primary objectives that these nonprofits stand for. At Independence, the imperative for wellbeing mechanism was obvious due to widespread poverty and lack of pabulum security, special ly in the rural areas.Even after threescore five years of Independence, a large percentage of Indian existence gloweringicially are palliate subsisting below poverty line and incidents of astute feed for thought peril continue to occur. Since 1985 Kalahandi has been more or less uninterruptedly raiseing from viands crisis of alarming dimensions and proportions, officially and disarmingly described as drought, but unofficially, by critics, as famine. The politics of nomenclature apart, Kalahandi has last a fiction for hunger in several other districts in the more retroflexed hill areas of south-western Orissa.The most ugly part of the Kalahandi starvation issue was highlighted by the Baidyanath Mishra Commission hatch that attributed starvation deaths in the region to a set of issues including corruption, fraud, misuse, wastefulness, and mismanagement of development. Enhancing food security at the household level is an issue of great enormousness for developing country like India where millions of poor suffer from lack of purchase power and malnutrition. Right to food is a part of an overall remnant of achieving the right to development.Attainment of self-sufficiency of foodgrains at the national level is one of the biggish achievements in post-independence period. After remaining a food deficit country for about two decades after independence, India has not totally become self-sufficient in foodgrains but now has a surplus of foodgrains. Despite many a(prenominal) an(prenominal) poverty alleviation programs initiated since the time of Indira Gandhi, poverty still remains one of the concerns and state and central governments look at to look into it. purpose guarantee schemes like NREGA bring some hope even though effective implementation remains largely unaddressed.India has made of import progress in lift high levels of economic and industrial development. But when it comes to cultural divergence in India, four sets of causal conditi ons have usually combine in different ways in different areas to produce conflict and violence. First is the business organisation of assimilation or cultural dilution and unfulfilled national aspiration. Second is the serve up of modernization by inducing large-scale migrations and by raising standards of literacy and aspirations.This surgical operation of modernization has not only forced ethnical groups to live nigh together and to compete for rewards and resources, but has also change their sociopolitical awareness and increase their capacity to mobilize for collective action. The third reason is unequal development, poverty, exploitation, lack of opportunity, and threats to existing group privileges. Finally, political f instruments such as endemic unfavorable governance, the growth of anti-secular forces, institutional decay, and vote-bank politics have also contributed to large scale ethnic conflicts.The role of mass media has become more important in todays context. M ass media has played a positive role in highlighting issues of public concern such as corruption, electoral malpractices, and economic instability. Anti-corruption movement launched by social social reformer Anna Hazare could become flourishing due to large scale involvement of mass media. On the flipside politicization and commercialization of mediums of mass media dont paint red picture for the ordinal pillar of Indian democracy. Another area where we need to work is the social security for unincorporated workers.The social security problems for unorganized workers in India can be divided into two sets of problems. The first is the faculty deprivation in terms of inadequate employment, low earnings, poor health, and rearingal status which are related to general deprivation of poorer sections of the population. The second is the visitation in the perceive of absence of adequate fall back mechanisms to fill up contingencies such as ill health, accident, death, and old age. Central and state governments also need to focus on social sector by ensuring bigger allocation for such expenditure.On human development index India is not advantageously placed either. baby death rate rate remains one of the major issues. The incidence of kidskin labor is among the highest in the world. Women have significantly higher(prenominal) morbidity and mortality rates than men. Though we have made significant inroads in achieving greater literacy, the numbers dont sound adequate. homophile development conditions are particularly egregious in four northern states, Bihar, Rajasthan, UP, and Madhya Pradesh. It becomes apparent that our democratic aspirations are only partly realized.Large scale corruption, communalism, electoral malpractices, perverted forms of Muslim and Hindu radicalism, sponsored terrorism, regional separatist insurgencies, corporate-political nexus, apart from many other things, have been obstructing the Indias journey along the path of democracy. through a series of economic reforms India has made its presence at international stage, but marginalized sections of Indian society are yet to reap hard benefits from it. Strong political will is needed to put us in the forefront of winning democratic nations.We also need to get rid of the corrupt pecking order of bureaucratic structure because it acts as a deterrent to the implementation of public assistance programs. As the citizen of a democratic nation what hurts me most is the deep root corruption, not only because it has become an exercise of power and impunity for many, but also because it has made its locus in the minds of people where it has become standardized. We spent ample time passing the bucks as to which apparatus/ apparatuses of our social, economic and political systems has/have failed us as the democratic nation.It is not the time to retrospect what we achieved as a democratic nation in the long journey so far, rather it is introspection time for each actor of democracy including politicians, bureaucrats, and off course the most powerful people. This introspection will surely bring the urgency among actors to realize the accountability they owe to the democratic edifice of India that is standing(a) tall after having weathered challenging times since independence. Spread of education and emergence of political, social, and economic consciousness among citizens give me hope that India will belatedly inch closer to aligning herself ith the essence of true democratic set and ideals. I will choose to finish this ms on a positive note by going back to the famous reiterate of Harry Emerson Fosdick country is based upon the conviction that there are whimsical possibilities in ordinary people. Bibliography 1. Mehta, P. B. , The institutionalize of commonwealth . Penguin Books, overbold Delhi, 2003 2. Frankrel, F. R. , Indias political economy, 1947-2004The delaying transformation. London Oxford University Press, 2005 3. ibid 4. Kar anjia, R. K. , Mind of Mr. Nehru,London Allen & Unwin, 1961 5.Kaviraj, Sudipta, A critique of the motionless Revolution, Economics and Political Weekly 23 (Nov 1988) 2433 6. Chandra, Bipin, Mukherjee, Aditya, Mukherjee, Mridula. India after Independence, Penguin Books, red-hot Delhi, 1999 7. Ganguly, Sumit, Diamond, Larry and Plattner, Marc F. , The stir of Indias body politic , Oxford University Press, 2009 8. Yadav, Yogendra, Electoral Politics in the Time of miscellanea Indias three Electoral System, 1998-99, Economics and Political Weekly, August 21-28, 1999 9. Mehta, P. B. , The Burden of res publica , Penguin Books, wise Delhi, 2003 10.Genteman, Amelia, Killings in Delhi Slum ascertain Unequal evaluator for Indias Poor, global Herald Tribune, January 6, 2007 11. keep an eye on the National benignant Rights Commission Report for 2004-2005, purchasable at www. nhrc. nic. in 12. Jayal, NirajaGopal, ed. , democracy in India Oxford University Press, naked as a jaybi rd Delhi 13 Ganguly, Sumit The Crisis of Indian Secularism, Journal of Democracy 14, October 2003 14. see Ganguly, Diamond, Plattner 15. see Jayal 16. see Jayal 17. see Jayal 18. Dev, S. Mahendra, comprehensive Growth in India Agriculture, Poverty, and Developoment Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2011 19. ee Ganguly, Diamond, Plattner 20. check into Dev 21. Atul Kohli, ed. , The Success of Indias Democracy, Cambridge University Press, New Delhi, 2011 1 . P. B. Mehta, The Burden of Democracy (Penguin Books, New Delhi, 2003), 106-107 2 . F. R. Frankel, Indias political economy, 1947-2004The Gradual Revolution (London Oxford University Press, 2005), 4 3 . F. R. Frankel, Indias political economy, 1947-2004The Gradual Revolution (London Oxford University Press, 2005), 25 4 . R. K. Karanjia, Mind of Mr. Nehru (London Allen & Unwin, 1961), 100-101 5 . Sudipta kaviraj. A critique of the static Revolution, Economics and Political Weekly 23 (Nov 1988) 2433 6 . Bipan Chandra, Adi tya Mukherjee, Mridula Mukherjee. India after Independence (Penguin Books, New Delhi, 1999), Chapters 11, 13 7 . Sumit Ganguly, Larry Diamond, and Marc F. Plattner, The realm of Indias Democracy (Oxford University Press, 2009), xviii-xix 8 . Yogendra yadav, Electoral Politics in the Time of counterchange Indias troika Electoral System, 1998-99, Economics and Political Weekly (August 21-28, 1999) 2393-99 9 . P. B. Mehta, The Burden of Democracy (Penguin Books, New Delhi, 2003), 168-169 10 .Amelia Genteman, Killings in Delhi Slum Expose Unequal nicety for Indias Poor, International Herald Tribune (January 6, 2007) 11 . See the National Human Rights Commission Report for 2004-2005, available at www. nhrc. nic. in 12 . NirajaGopal Jayal, ed. , Democracy in India (Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 170 13 . Sumit Ganguly, The Crisis of Indian Secularism, Journal of Democracy 14 (October 2003) 11-25 14 . Sumit Ganguly, Larry Diamond, and Marc F. Plattner, The State of Indias Democracy (Oxford University Press, 2009), xxi-xxii 15 . Jayal, 198 16 . Jayal, 199 17 .NirajaGopal Jayal, ed. , Democracy in India (Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 200 18 . S. Mahendra Dev, inclusive Growth in India Agriculture, Poverty, and Developoment (Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 201), 101-103 19 . Sumit Ganguly, Larry Diamond, and Marc F. Plattner, The State of Indias Democracy (Oxford University Press, 2009), 49 20 . S. Mahendra Dev, Inclusive Growth in India Agriculture, Poverty, and Developoment (Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2011), 201-202 21 . Atul Kohli, ed. , The Success of Indias Democracy (Cambridge University Press, New Delhi, 2011), 211Indian Democracy at CrossroadAvinash Shankar MAD12015 Politics Essay 2 Topic Can post-colonial Indias political experience be characterized as moving towards becoming more democratic Democracy, the form of government where supreme power is directly or indirectly vested in people, has become a global discourse t hat can be gauged from the fact that many post-colonial countries have adopted it with remarkable success.The dramatic global expansion of democracy in the last few decades in post-colonial countries speak volume of this most popular form of representative government. The ever fluctuating political dynamics coupled with changing socio-economic patterns since Independence has given new meanings to Indian democracy at each stage of its progression. India inherited a colonial state and kept much of its functioning architecture intact. Much of state practice, despite its massive quantitative expansion, is heavily governed by legislation passed somewhere between 1860 and 1947.During the 65-years of long journey, India as a nation has witnessed moments wherein democracy looked to find its true meaning, while moments like national emergency during Indira Gandhis regime qualify as the abysmal low that India touched as democratic nation. Adoption of socialist pattern, the middle path between capitalism and communism, at the early stage of our independence and a series of economic reforms that began in 1980s were primarily targeted at delivering the true essence of democracy in social, economic, and political spheres.This paper is an attempt to answer how Abraham Lincolns notion of democracy as a government of the people, by the people and for the people has been put to test in India on different social, political, and economic parameters at different stages of its progression since independence and whether ever changing political, social and economic dynamics have brought India closer to true democratic model. India retained a deep commitment to principles of parliamentary government during the three decades after independence. Indian leaders described their approach planning nder a democratic pattern of socialism as a new model for Asian and African development. Indias first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru who set the direction of Indias development during the first f ifteen years of freedom, pointed to his country as an area of agreement between opposing ideologies of capitalism on the hand and the communism on the other. Under his leadership, the commitment to democratic social transformation was an integral part of Indias development strategy. Nehru also tried to incorporate Gandhian ideals of social reforms in his development programs.Nehru spoke of this mode of development as a third way which takes best from all existing systemsthe Russian, the American, and sought to create something suited to ones own history and philosophy. In the nascent stage of Independence, the Nehruvian socialist model of development seemed to have worked well within the social and economic framework of India. But Nehru too had to face many challenges in the implementation of his development model. Nehrus attempt to bring serious bourgeois land reforms was thwarted through a combination of feudal resistance, judicial conservatism, and connivance of state Congress le aderships.Although Congress was content to accept the continuance of semi-feudal rural power, it adopted massive plans for capitalist movement. Consistent with this general objective, the ruling elite adopted a plan for heavy industrialization and institutional control of capital goods industries through the state sector, a largely untried experiment at the time in the underdeveloped countries. Indira Gandhi who became Prime Minister after Nehrus demise gave a new populist dimension to Indian politics.The shift of the Congress to populist politics quickly set up a new structure of political communication in which Indira could directly appeal to electorates. While populist endeavors like Garibi Hatao (remove poverty) and nationalization of banks brought her good name, she has often been criticized for changing the Congress into a highly centralized and undemocratic party organization, from the earlier federal, democratic, and ideological formation that Nehru had led. Indiras regime, in my opinion, was the beginning of the stage when India started to show its meaningful presence internationally.Creation of Bangladesh was the beginning of the Indias assertiveness at international level. Nuclear test conducted in 1974 was the extension of this assertiveness. Ironically Indiras regime will also go down in history for bringing disrepute to democracy by imposing emergency in the most undemocratic manner. Perhaps it was the first blow to the essence of democratic model that India followed since independence. The manner in which rights and liberties, the two important tenets of democracy, were suspended during emergency reminds us how an authoritarian regime can play havoc in peoples minds.The emergency perhaps was the turning point in the Indian democratic history because it paved the way for major political and social shift. It was perhaps the trigger that led to the end of absolute majority era and ignited the undercurrent of regional politics played largely around caste and religious lines. Easwaran Sridharan and M. V. Rajeev Gowda however believe that the end of Congresss dominance and fragmentation of the party system have stopped short of undermining the basic power-sharing characteristics of the system and have indeed contributed to democratic consolidation.While the seeds for the decline of one-power dominance were sown during Indiras regime it became more apparent during Rajiv Gandhis tenure as the Prime Minister of India. Some scholars however believe that the decline of one-party dominance and the emergence of a large number of smaller or regional parties which ensure that state-level elections are vigorously contested have had positive effects on competition. These developments represent political empowerment of historically marginalized groups and reflect favorably on the vibrancy of political entrepreneurship.I feel that mushrooming of small regional parties can also be attributed to effect of anti-defection law enacted during Raji vs regime. Emergence of regional parties has also led to political instability due to opportunist attitude shown by these parties time and again. Rajiv attempted to bring party reforms and rebuild Congress as an organized party. He also played a vital role in tackling Punjab problem that assumed alarming proportion during Indiras regime. Rajiv can also be credited for bringing constitutional status to Panchayati Raj, one of most important tenets of Indian democracy.During Rajivs regime too the essence of democracy looked dismantled characterized by high-scale violence against the Sikh community in the aftermath of Indiras assassination. Coalition politics gained momentum after Rajivs assassination in 1991. Caste and religion became the driver and determinants of Indian politics thereafter. Anti-reservation protest in the aftermath of the implementation of Mandal Commission is the stark reminder of the despair that results when the advocates for meritocracy lose their battle against the saviors of petty caste politics.Hindu nationalist forces too jumped the bandwagon soon and tried to establish their presence in the Indian political arena through much talked about Ram Janmabhumi agenda. We are also witnessing a paradigm shift in the redistributive politics wherein leftist forces are happy with a kind of statism that protects the state sector even if it means stifling the rest of economy. On the other hand the proponents of Mandal fear that rolling back the state on economic reform issues at the moment when Backward Castes (BCs) are getting access to its resources would be exercise in bad faith.Of late, globalization and economic reforms have given a new dimension to Indian politics, and for that matter to Indian democracy. Development has become the main political agenda pushing caste and religion gimmicks on the backburner. Political results in two successive elections in Bihar mark the paradigm shift in peoples voting pattern. It shows how voters are trumping the populist agenda in favor of developmental agenda. It augurs well for Indian democracy. The ensuing paragraphs discuss at length achievements, challenges and issues that India faces as democratic nation.Despite the considerable success of the Indian state in holding free and fair elections, sustaining a free press, and dramatically expanding the franschise, the abuse of coercive state power remains one of the major problems. Frequently such power is used arbitrarily against the poor, minorities, and those who dare to challenge the states writ. Furthermore, police abuses are more pronounced in poorer states like Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, where standards of accountability are sorely lacking. The evidence from such states of rampant deaths in police custody underscores the gravity of this ill.India as a democratic nation has underachieved when it comes to protecting human rights. Armed Forces Special Powers Act 1990 was aimed at containing ethno-religious insurgency in Jammu and Kas hmir. It allows armed forces to conduct counter-insurgency operations. Under the garb of this act, security forces often resort to extrajudicial killings. The 2002 Prevention of Terrorism Activities Act (POTA), that came into existence in the aftermath of a series of terror acts, was sometimes used against political opponents and also infringed upon the individual rights and civil liberties of Indian citizen.The secular structure of Indian democracy also looked threatened on many occasions. The project of secularism has increasingly been under threat as communal ideology and political forces have come to enjoy greater purchase in society and the polity. The demolition of Babri Masjid engineered by Hindu nationalist forces like Bajrang Dal, RSS, and VHP, doesnt augur well for the secular structure of the country.The Hindu nationalists hostility to secularism became evident in a number of different arenas, ranging from a systematic attempt to alter history and socio-science science te xtbooks to party leaders willingness to countenance widespread state-sanctioned violence against Muslims, especially during bloody disturbances that rocked the western state of Gujrat. On the positive side, the growth of a plethora of nongovernmental organizations (NGO) focused on development, along with the growing participation of hitherto quiescent groups, are gradually resulting in a political system that is more accountable to the citizenry.The roles NGOs are playing have the potential to reshape the much needed developmental path. In times to come, NGOs will play much meaningful role by representing face of common people largely ignored by political entities. However politicization and financial irregularities rampant at these rapidly multiplying NGOs could act as a deterrent to the primary objectives that these nonprofits stand for. At Independence, the imperative for welfare mechanism was obvious due to widespread poverty and lack of food security, specially in the rural ar eas.Even after sixty five years of Independence, a large percentage of Indian population officially are still subsisting below poverty line and incidents of acute food insecurity continue to occur. Since 1985 Kalahandi has been more or less uninterruptedly suffering from food crisis of alarming dimensions and proportions, officially and disarmingly described as drought, but unofficially, by critics, as famine. The politics of nomenclature apart, Kalahandi has become a metaphor for hunger in several other districts in the more backward hill areas of south-western Orissa.The most ugly part of the Kalahandi starvation issue was highlighted by the Baidyanath Mishra Commission Report that attributed starvation deaths in the region to a set of issues including corruption, fraud, misuse, wastefulness, and mismanagement of development. Enhancing food security at the household level is an issue of great importance for developing country like India where millions of poor suffer from lack of p urchasing power and malnutrition. Right to food is a part of an overall goal of achieving the right to development.Attainment of self-sufficiency of foodgrains at the national level is one of the big achievements in post-independence period. After remaining a food deficit country for about two decades after independence, India has not only become self-sufficient in foodgrains but now has a surplus of foodgrains. Despite many poverty alleviation programs initiated since the time of Indira Gandhi, poverty still remains one of the concerns and state and central governments need to look into it. Employment guarantee schemes like NREGA bring some hope even though effective implementation remains largely unaddressed.India has made significant progress in fostering high levels of economic and industrial development. But when it comes to ethnic conflict in India, four sets of causal conditions have usually combined in different ways in different areas to produce conflict and violence. First is the fear of assimilation or cultural dilution and unfulfilled national aspiration. Second is the process of modernization by inducing large-scale migrations and by raising standards of literacy and aspirations.This process of modernization has not only forced ethnic groups to live closely together and to compete for rewards and resources, but has also sharpened their sociopolitical awareness and increased their capacity to mobilize for collective action. The third reason is unequal development, poverty, exploitation, lack of opportunity, and threats to existing group privileges. Finally, political factors such as endemic bad governance, the growth of anti-secular forces, institutional decay, and vote-bank politics have also contributed to large scale ethnic conflicts.The role of mass media has become more important in todays context. Mass media has played a positive role in highlighting issues of public concern such as corruption, electoral malpractices, and economic instability . Anti-corruption movement launched by social crusader Anna Hazare could become successful due to large scale involvement of mass media. On the flipside politicization and commercialization of mediums of mass media dont paint rosy picture for the fourth pillar of Indian democracy. Another area where we need to work is the social security for unorganized workers.The social security problems for unorganized workers in India can be divided into two sets of problems. The first is the capability deprivation in terms of inadequate employment, low earnings, poor health, and educational status which are related to general deprivation of poorer sections of the population. The second is the adversity in the sense of absence of adequate fall back mechanisms to meet contingencies such as ill health, accident, death, and old age. Central and state governments also need to focus on social sector by ensuring larger allocation for such expenditure.On human development index India is not comfortably placed either. Infant mortality rate remains one of the major issues. The incidence of child labor is among the highest in the world. Women have significantly higher morbidity and mortality rates than men. Though we have made significant inroads in achieving greater literacy, the numbers dont sound adequate. Human development conditions are particularly egregious in four northern states, Bihar, Rajasthan, UP, and Madhya Pradesh. It becomes apparent that our democratic aspirations are only partly realized.Large scale corruption, communalism, electoral malpractices, perverted forms of Muslim and Hindu radicalism, sponsored terrorism, regional separatist insurgencies, corporate-political nexus, apart from many other things, have been obstructing the Indias journey along the path of democracy. Through a series of economic reforms India has made its presence at international stage, but marginalized sections of Indian society are yet to reap substantial benefits from it. Strong political will is needed to put us in the forefront of successful democratic nations.We also need to get rid of the corrupt hierarchy of bureaucratic structure because it acts as a deterrent to the implementation of welfare programs. As the citizen of a democratic nation what hurts me most is the deep rooted corruption, not only because it has become an exercise of power and impunity for many, but also because it has made its locus in the minds of people where it has become standardized. We spent enough time passing the bucks as to which apparatus/ apparatuses of our social, economic and political systems has/have failed us as the democratic nation.It is not the time to retrospect what we achieved as a democratic nation in the long journey so far, rather it is introspection time for each actor of democracy including politicians, bureaucrats, and off course the most powerful people. This introspection will surely bring the urgency among actors to realize the accountability they owe to the dem ocratic edifice of India that is standing tall after having weathered challenging times since independence. Spread of education and emergence of political, social, and economic consciousness among citizens give me hope that India will slowly inch closer to aligning herself ith the essence of true democratic values and ideals. 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