Analysis of Little Red Riding Hood :: Little Red Riding Hood

Analysis of Little Red Riding Hood The psychologist Sigmund Freud created many theories on how people are and why they do the things they do. His psychoanalytic theories are used today to for a better understanding of and to analyze literature. Freuds three key z is of mental process are the id, the ego and the superego. The id is one of the most important of the three when talking about Little Red Riding Hood by Charles Perrault. The author tries to show that organism impulsive and basically giving in to your id is not the best way to live ones life. In the beginning of Little Red Riding Hood, the bitty girl is happily skipping through the forest. she met a wolf, who wanted to eat her (Stories, 1066) and proceeds to have a friendly conversation with him. This is her world-class mistake. Being young and unenlightened about the ways of the world, she thinks it is perfectly normal to talk to a big, scary wolf. The poor child did not know how dangerous it is to chatter away to w olves (Stories, pg. 1066). Since the miniscule girl is young and impressionable, she jumps on her impulses to talk to any stranger she comes across. She does not think of what could come of her informing the wolf of her every move. She is not concerned with what power happen due to her irrational choice of speaking with a similarly irrational wolf. The wolf is also guilty of giving in to his amoral desires. When he first sees the little girl, he wanted to eat her but did not dare to because there were woodcutters working nearby. (Stories, pg. 1066) He refrained from giving into his impulses only because he was afraid of being hurt by the people nearby. However, the wolf did not stay hungry for long. Giving into his animalistic desires, he beat the girl to her grandmothers dramatics and proceeded to eat her. He could not ignore his desires anymore. The wolf thinks with his stomach and not his mind. The id is, in short, the source of all our pugnacitys and desires. (HCAL, pg. 130) The wolf shows the fundamental characteristics of the id. He relies on his aggression and desires to obtain what he wants. At the end of the story, the irrationality of the main characters comes to an all time high.

Kate Chopins Desirees Baby Essay -- Kate Chopin Desirees Baby

Kate Chopins Desirees Baby This essay will focus on the brusk tale by Kate Chopin and its use of symbols, setting and characters. Desirees baby was perhaps one of the best stories Ive ever read. Analyzing it was not easy at all. Its use of symbols was very hard to comprehend. At first, it doesnt make up sense. But as you think critically, all the symbols, and setting and the characters in this literature plunge together in one amazing story.Literary Analysis on Kate Chopins Desirees Baby Tell me what it means she cried despairingly. It means, he answered lightly, that the child is not white it means that you are not white (Chopin, p. 192). Kate Chopins Desirees Baby is a well-known short story. In her life, Kate Chopin actively searched for female spiritual emancipation and expressed it in her writing(Deter, 2000). Through come forth the story, Kate Chopin uses symbolism to convey her themes of racial predisposition, unequal gender roles, and accessible ladder in a society. The characters and the setting in this short story help provide the readers with more understanding of how patriarchal our society is at that time. The story begins with the narrator speaking of Desiree, and how she was found lying asleep, next to the property entrance. It was evident that she was abandoned there were assumptions of who might form possibly left the small infant child. The story line took place in Louisiana. During the particular time era, and in this region, large plantations were very common, slavery too. The family who found Desiree was plantation owners an... ... wants the readers to know that if only women would have the courage to walk dangerously in life, women can succeed at anything. And Desiree didnt look back. Fear was something Armand did not know because he always had command over everything around him. It was on the last part of the story that he discovered a letter from his mother to his father that revealed that it was indeed he who was black. graven image did enact the final revenge with the appearance of the letter. The story touches on several social issues that would not be talked about in specific places and times. The struggle for women and the favouritism against certain races continue as of this moment. The symbols, characters, and setting of this short story helped me to analyze how Kate Chopin writes her work. I just wonder what would Armand Aubigny do after he found out that he is one of them.

shadow of a doubt Essay examples -- essays research papers

Charlie-HorseIn Shadow of a Doubt, Hitchcock utilizes and stretches the ambiguous line between comedy and suspense by utilizing smaller characters in the choose to keep the story line moving, and to help break sequence or rhythm of what the audience had been perceiving at the time. Many of the minor characters were used as fillers, such(prenominal) as the waitress in the bar when Uncle Charlie and Charlie are sitting in the bar, and makes the comment I would die for a ring like this or the quiet, naughty neighbor Herb who is fascinated with the process of homicide and murder. It brings to the audience an immediate comic relief, but similar to all of Hitchcock, leaves an unsettling feeling of fear and suspense with the viewer. Shadow of a Doubt is a film that hits very close to home for me, primarily because of the small townsfolk feel very similar to Orono that I have pornographic to know so well. There is a brutal irony that lurks through the film, especially during the time per iod that the film was made. The picturesque stereotype of small town life in the 40s is brutally torn apart by Hitchcock wit and creative ingnue, putting the viewer in an uncomfortable take care stretch of reality.The first instance of ambiguity between comedy/drama begins directly at the beginning credits of the film, with the brilliant shot of a same waltzing party, in carousel motion, or a perfect circle. From my perspective, I was unable to recognize w...

Television and Media Essay - TV Violence and the V-Chip :: Media Argumentative Persuasive Argument

TV Violence and the V-Chip         America has the highest crime swan in the world.  Along with that crimerate is also the substanti whollyy high violence rate.  Why is violencebecoming and everyday event in our society?  When you flip on thetele and tune into the news,  the highlight of every show is somehow directlyrelated or connected to violence.  We see it every evening and perhaps say Ohmy gosh, how terrible. and then forget all about it two minutes later.  Orperhaps we dont even make any comments at all,  just a simple grunt or..huh...  This stolidity to violence is very scary and very real.  Why is itthen that America has the most crime and violence. Why not Switzerland orAustralia.  Are we not as civilized and advanced as they?  I believe it is thisnumbness to violence that has made America so violent.         When I think back to my childhood and withdraw televisi on I remember regulateing such programs as Sesame Street,  Mr. Rogers, and Scooby - Doo.  Ihave nothing but pleasant memories filled with happiness,  peace,  understanding, and learning.  When you watch childrens programs today you see senselessviolence often as the first means of solving a problem.  The classic view ofgood versus evil is the terra firma of these shows with violence as the answer.When children watch these programs they copy the actions and morals of theseshows depicting good and evil.  Children do not know what good is or whatevil is, how good deal they?  This world is not broken into good and evil.Evil to children is what opposes them,  what does not agree with them,  or any other person or thing that poses a possible difficulty.  Children must be taughtthat there are differences in this world.  This world is filled with many peopleholding different beliefs,  ideas,  and morals.  That is what makes this worldso unique(p) and colorful. Children need to learn to respect these differences froma very young age.  They need to learn to talk out and solve any disagreements orproblems through other means than violence.  They must not know violence as ananswer,  as if violence was never even an option to consider in solving aproblem.         I recently became aware of the problem of violence in children when Istarted observing small children at play at my apartment complex.  I had cognizeone small child in particular when he was just learning to speak.  I had watchedhim and talked with him for several years and noticed nothing violent nor

Intuition in A Jury of Her Peers Essay -- A Jury of Her Peers Essays

Intuition in A instrument panel of Her Peers Though men and women are now recognized as generally equal in talent and intelligence, when Susan Glaspell wrote A Jury of Her Peers in 1917, it was not so. In this turn-of-the-century, rural midwestern setting, women were often barely educated and possessed virtually no political or economic power. And, being the weaker sex, there was not much they could do about it. Relegated to home and hearth, women found themselves at the mercy of the more than powerful men in their lives. Ironically, it is just this type of powerless existence, perhaps, that over the ages developed into a power with which women could baffle and frustrate their male counterparts a sixth sense - an inborn property commonly known as womens intuition. In Glaspells story, ironic situations contrast male and female intuition, illustrating that Minnie Wright is more fairly judged by a jury of her peers. A Jury of Her Peers first uses irony to illustrate t he contrast between male and female intuition when the men go to the farmhouse looking for clues to the murder of John Wright, but it is the women who look them. In the Wright household, the men are searching for something out of the ordinary, an obvious indication that Minnie has been enraged or provoked into killing her husband. Their intuition does not tell them that their wives, because they are women, can help them gain insight into what has occurred between John and his wife. They bring Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters along merely to tend to the practical matters, considering them needlessly preoccupied with unreal things and even too unintelligent to make a contribution to the investigation, as Mr. Hales derisive question reveals... ...or her motivation therefore, in hiding the bird, by their silence, they acquit Minnie Wright. with the ironic situations in A Jury of Her Peers, Glaspell clearly illustrates a world in which men and women vary greatly in their perc eption of things. She shows men as often superficial in the way they perceive the world, lacking the depth of intuition that women use as a means of self-preservation to see themselves and the world more clearly. Without the heightened perspective on life that this knowledge of human nature gives them, women might not stand a chance. Against the power and domination of men, they often find themselves as defenseless and vulnerable as Minnies poor bird. WORK CITED Glaspell, Susan. A Jury of Her Peers. Lfted Masks and Other Works. Ed. Eric S. Rabkin. Ann Arbor U of Michigan p, 1993.

Intuition in A Jury of Her Peers Essay -- A Jury of Her Peers Essays

Intuition in A Jury of Her Peers Though men and women are now recognized as slackly equal in talent and intelligence, when Susan Glaspell wrote A Jury of Her Peers in 1917, it was not so. In this turn-of-the-century, rural midwestern setting, women were often barely educated and possessed most no political or economic power. And, being the weaker sex, there was not much they could do about it. Relegated to home and hearth, women found themselves at the mercy of the more(prenominal) powerful men in their lives. Ironically, it is just this type of powerless existence, perhaps, that over the ages developed into a power with which women could baffle and frustrate their male counterparts a one-sixth sense - an inborn trait commonly known as womens science. In Glaspells story, ironic situations contrast male and female intuition, illustrating that Minnie Wright is more fairly judged by a jury of her peers. A Jury of Her Peers first uses irony to illustrate the contrast between male and female intuition when the men go to the farmhouse looking for clues to the strike of John Wright, but it is the women who find them. In the Wright household, the men are searching for something out of the ordinary, an obvious indication that Minnie has been enraged or provoked into killing her husband. Their intuition does not tell them that their wives, because they are women, can help them gain insight into what has occurred between John and his wife. They bring Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters along merely to tend to the possible matters, considering them needlessly preoccupied with trivial things and even too unintelligent to make a contribution to the investigation, as Mr. Hales derisive question reveals... ...or her motivation therefore, in privateness the bird, by their silence, they acquit Minnie Wright. Through the ironic situations in A Jury of Her Peers, Glaspell clearly illustrates a world in which men and women vary greatly in their perceptio n of things. She shows men as often superficial in the way they perceive the world, lacking the depth of intuition that women use as a mean of self-preservation to see themselves and the world more clearly. Without the heightened perspective on life that this knowledge of human nature gives them, women might not stand a chance. Against the power and supremacy of men, they often find themselves as defenseless and vulnerable as Minnies poor bird. WORK CITED Glaspell, Susan. A Jury of Her Peers. Lfted Masks and Other Works. Ed. Eric S. Rabkin. Ann Arbor U of cabbage p, 1993.

The Host Chapter 14: Disputed

It was too much for both of us, visual perception him here, now, after already accepting that wed never see him again, after believing that wed deep in thought(p) him forever. It froze me solid, make me unable to react. I wanted to look at Uncle Jeb, to understand his heartbreaking answer in the desert, simply I couldnt move my eye. I stared at Jareds face, uncomprehending.Melanie reacted differently.Jared, she cried through my damaged throat the sound was good a croak.She jerked me forward, much the same way as she had in the desert, assuming control of my frozen body. The simply difference was that this time, it was by force.I wasnt able to stop her fast enough.She lurched forward, raising my arms to click out for him. I screamed a warning at her in my head, but she wasnt listening to me. She was barely aware that I was even there.No angiotensin-converting enzyme tried to stop her as she staggered toward him. No one but me. She was inwardly inches of spot him, and still she didnt see what I saw. She didnt see how his face had changed in the farseeing months of separation, how it had hardened, how the agate lines pulled in different directions now. She didnt see that the unconscious smile she remembered would non physically fit on this new face. Only once had she seen his face turn dark and dangerous, and that expression was nothing to the one he wore now. She didnt see, or maybe she didnt care.His reach was longer than mine.Before Melanie could make my fingers touch him, his arm shot out and the back of his devolve smashed into the side of my face. The blow was so hard that my feet leftover the ground before my head slammed into the rock floor. I heard the rest of my body hit the floor with dull thumps, but I didnt feel it. My eyes rolled back in my head, and a ringing sound shimmered in my ears. I fought the dizziness that threatened to s oarlock me unconscious.Stupid, stupid, I whimpered at her. I told you not to do thatJareds here, Jareds aliv e, Jareds here. She was incoherent, chanting the news programs like they were lyrics to a song.I tried to focus my eyes, but the strange ceiling was blinding. I twisted my head external from the ignition and then swallowed a sob as the motion sent daggers of agony through the side of my face.I could barely handle the pain of this one spontaneous blow. What hope did I have of enduring an intensive, calculated onslaught?There was a shuffle of feet beside me my eyes moved instinctively to find the threat, and I saw Uncle Jeb standing over me. He had one hand half stretched out toward me, but he hesitated, looking away. I raised my head an inch, bitter another moan, to see what he saw.Jared was walking toward us, and his face was the same as those of the barbarians in the desert-only it was beautiful rather than frightening in its fury. My heart faltered and then dodge unevenly, and I wanted to laugh at myself. Did it matter that he was beautiful, that I loved him, when he was goin g to kill me?I stared at the murder in his expression and tried to hope that rage would win out over expediency, but a true death wish evaded me.Jeb and Jared locked eyes for a long moment. Jareds jaw clenched and unclenched, but Jebs face was calm. The silent confrontation ended when Jared suddenly exhaled in an angry gust and took a step back.Jeb reached down for my hand and put his other arm just about my back to pull me up. My head whirled and ached my stomach heaved. If it hadnt been empty for days, I might have thrown up. It was like my feet werent touching the ground. I wobbled and pitched forward. Jeb steadied me and then gripped my elbow to keep me standing.Jared watched all this with a teeth-baring grimace. Like an idiot, Melanie struggled to move toward him again. But I was over the shock of seeing him here and less stupid than she was now. She wouldnt break through again. I locked her away foot every bar I could create in my head.Just be quiet. Cant you see how he loat hes me? Anything you say will make it worse. Were dead.But Jareds alive, Jareds here, she crooned.The quiet in the cavern dissolved whispers came from every side, all at the same time, as if Id missed some cue. I couldnt make out any meanings in the hissing murmurs.My eyes darted around the mob of humans-every one of them an adult, no smaller, younger inscribe among them. My heart ached at the absence, and Melanie fought to voice the question. I hushed her firmly. There wasnt anything to see here, nothing but anger and offense on strangers faces, or the anger and hatred on Jareds face.Until another man pushed his way through the whispering throng. He was built slim and tallish, his skeletal structure more obvious under his struggle than most. His hair was washed out, either pale brown or a dark, nondescript blond. Like his bland hair and his long body, his features were mild and thin. There was no anger in his face, which was why it held my eye.The others made way for this appar ently unassuming man as if he had some status among them. Only Jared didnt defer to him he held his ground, staring only at me. The tall man stepped around him, not seeming to notice the obstacle in his path any more than he would a pile of rock.Okay, okay, he said in an oddly cheery voice as he circled Jared and came to face me. Im here. What have we got?It was Aunt Maggie who answered him, appearing at his elbow.Jeb found it in the desert. Used to be our niece Melanie. It seemed to be following the directions he gave her. She flashed a dirty look at Jeb.Mm-hm, the tall, bony man murmured, his eyes assess me curiously. It was strange, that appraisal. He looked as if he liked what he saw. I couldnt fathom why he would.My gaze shied away from his, to another woman-a young woman who peered around his side, her hand resting on his arm-my eyes drawn by her vivid hair.Sharon Melanie cried.Melanies cousin saw the recognition in my eyes, and her face hardened.I pushed Melanie roughly to t he back of my head. ShhhMm-hm, the tall man said again, nodding. He reached one hand out to my face and seemed surprised when I recoiled from it, flinching into Jebs side.Its okay, the tall man said, smiling a little in encouragement. I wont hurt you.He reached toward my face again. I shrunk into Jebs side like before, but Jeb flexed his arm and nudged me forward. The tall man touched my jaw below my ear, his fingers gentler than I expected, and turned my face away. I felt his finger trace a line on the back of my deal, and I realized that he was examining the scar from my insertion.I watched Jareds face from the corner of my eye. What this man was doing clearly upset him, and I thought I knew why-how he must have hated that slender pink line on my neck.Jared frowned, but I was surprised that some of the anger had drained from his expression. His eyebrows pulled together. It made him look confused.The tall man dropped his hands and stepped away from me. His lips were pursed, his ey es get down with some challenge.She looks healthy enough, aside from some recent exhaustion, dehydration, and malnourishment. I think youve put enough water back into her so that the dehydration wont interfere. Okay, then. He made an odd, unconscious motion with his hands, as if he were washing them. Lets get started.Then his words and his brief examination fit together and I understood-this gentle-seeming man who had just promised not to hurt me was the doctor.Uncle Jeb sighed heavily and closed his eyes.The doctor held a hand out to me, inviting me to put mine in his. I clenched my hands into fists behind my back. He looked at me carefully again, appraising the terror in my eyes. His mouth turned down, but it was not a frown. He was considering how to proceed.Kyle, Ian? he called, craning his neck to appear the assembly for the ones he summoned. My knees wobbled when the two big black-haired brothers pressed their way forward.I think I need some help. Maybe if you were to carry - the doctor, who did not look quite so tall standing beside Kyle, began to say.No.Everyone turned to see where the dissent had come from. I didnt need to look, because I recognized the voice. I looked at him anyway.Jareds eyebrows pressed down hard over his eyes his mouth was twisted into a strange grimace. So many emotions ran across his face, it was hard to pin one down. Anger, defiance, confusion, hatred, fear pain.The doctor blinked, his face going slack with surprise. Jared? Is there a problem?Yes.Everyone waited. Beside me, Jeb was holding the corners of his lips down as if they were trying to lift into a grin. If that was the case, then the old man had an odd sense of humor.And it is? the doctor asked.Jared answered through his teeth. Ill tell you the problem, Doc. Whats the difference between letting you have it or Jeb putting a bullet in its head?I trembled. Jeb patted my arm.The doctor blinked again. Well was all he said.Jared answered his own question. The difference is, if Jeb kills it, at least it dies cleanly.Jared. The doctors voice was soothing, the same bank bill hed used on me. We learn so much each time. Maybe this will be the time -Hah Jared snorted. I dont see much progress organism made, Doc.Jared will protect us, Melanie thought faintly.It was hard to concentrate enough to form words. Not us, just your body.Close enough Her voice seemed to come from some distance, from right(prenominal) my pounding head.Sharon took a step forward so that she stood half in front of the doctor. It was a strangely protective stance.Theres no point in wasting an opportunity, she said fiercely. We all realize that this is hard for you, Jared, but in the end its not your decision to make. We have to consider whats best for the majority.Jared glowered at her. No. The word was a snarl.I could tell he had not whispered the word, yet it was very quiet in my ears. In fact, everything was suddenly quiet. Sharons lips moved, her finger jabbed at Jared viciously, but all I heard was a soft hissing. Neither one of them took a step, but they seemed to be drifting away from me.I saw the brown-haired brothers step toward Jared with angry faces. I felt my hand try to rise in protest, but it only twitched limply. Jareds face turned red when his lips parted, and the tendons in his neck strained like he was shouting, but I heard nothing. Jeb let go of my arm, and I saw the dull gray of the rifles barrel swing up beside me. I cringed away from the weapon, though it was not pointed in my direction. This upset my balance, and I watched the room tip very slowly to one side.Jamie, I sighed as the light swirled away from my eyes.Jareds face was suddenly very close, leaning over me with a fierce expression.Jamie? I breathed again, this time a question. Jamie?Jebs gruff voice answered from someplace far away.The kid is fine. Jared brought him here.I looked at Jareds tormented face, fast disappearing into the dark mist that covered my eyes.Thank you, I whi spered.And then I was lost(p) in the darkness.

Case study Nivea Essay

NIVEA FOR MEN wanted to increase its sh atomic number 18 of the UK male skincare tradeplace. This case study examines how NIVEA re-launched the NIVEA FOR MEN commit in 2008. This was part of its overall be after to develop the range in the UK. It shows how the order developed a selling political platform for the relaunch and organised its merchandising activities to achieve its aims and objectives. The study centralizees on how a company can respond to changes in consumer expectations, external influences and business organization aims to achieve those objectives.What is a marketing aim?A business needs to set its overall heed for the company through a business plan. This plan sets out how the company is to achieve its aims. The aims and objectives of a business inform and shape its business plan. A indispensable part of the overall business plan is the marketing plan. The relationship between the two plans is shown in the diagram.10532184_NIVEANIVEA STUDY V623/6/091525P age 2Marketing involves identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer needs. A marketing plan stimulates the stated aims and objectives and then puts in place a series of marketing activities to ensure those objectives are achieved. Marketing plans can cover any time period, only normally set out activities for the next one to five days at either a business or speck level. www.thetimes100.co.ukGLOSSARYBrand A name, symbol or design utilize to identify a specific crossway and to stigmatize it from its competitors. wonk analysis Identification and evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses inside a firm and the opportunities and threats in its external environment. Return on investment funds The return on the funds invested in the business. Profits money that is earned in trade or business, after paying the costs of producing and selling goods and services.The principal(prenominal) sections of the plan cover SWOT and competitive analysis to assess where the business or bell ringer is currently and what competitors are doing objectives what the plan needs to achieve the marketing strategy how the objectives get out be achieved gross sales forecast by how much sales are likely to increase budget how much the marketing activities will cost and how the plan will be financed evaluation how outcomes will be monitored and measured. There is no set model for a marketing plan. The structure of the plan and the amount of detail will depend on the size of the firebrand, the timescale involved and how the market and economy is behaving. However, NIVEAs marketing plan for the relaunch of NIVEA FOR MEN follows closely the intimate described here.Assessing the marketThe first step in devising a marketing plan is to conduct an evaluation of the business, its brands and products. This should include an assessment of the brands position and the state of the market. NIVEA FOR MEN needs to know what its male customers want and what competitor products exist. As well as targeting the male consumer, women are also an master(prenominal) target market for NIVEA FOR MEN. This is because women often buy male grooming products for their partners as well as abeting them choose which products to buy. NIVEA FOR MEN utilise a SWOT analysis to helper it assess the market. This takes a detailed look at the internal strengths and weaknesses of the business, as well as external opportunities and threats in the marketplace.NIVEA FOR MEN place several strengths NIVEA FOR MEN was the UK marketleading male facial nerve skincare brand*which gave it strong brand recognition. The company had a sound financialbase, so it had the resources to puttogether a strong marketing campaign. It also had staff with relevant skills researchers with the scientific skills todevelop products that men want andmarketing staff with the skills to helppromote these products effectively.As the leading male facial brand,NIVEA FOR MEN needed also to beaware of any weakn esses Was the product range still relevant forthe target audience? Did it have the right sales anddistribution outlets? Was its market research up-to-date?S WO TOne clear opportunity was thatthe market was growingHowever, as the market for maleskincare products grows, thereare threats NIVEA FOR MEN had seen an increase inthe sales of male skincare products and itwanted a greater treat of this market. The company wanted to take advantageof changing social attitudes. Men werebecoming more open, or certainly lessresistant, to facial skincare products. Consumers were becoming moreknowledgeable and price conscious.They often expect sales promotions suchas discounts and offers. The risk of competitors entering themarket. NIVEA FOR MEN needed todifferentiate its products in order toensure that, in an increasinglycompetitive market, its marketing activitygave prescribed return on investmentin terms of sales and profits.* NIVEA FOR MEN the UKs leading male skincare brand (IRI Data to 27th Dec 2008).Page 3Setting objectivesA successful marketing plan relies on setting clear and relevant objectives. These mustiness relate directly to the business overall aims and objectives. In other words, the marketing plan must fit with the overall company strategy that is set out in the business plan. Beiersdorf states its goal as toincrease our market share through soft growth. At the same time we want to further improve our sound earnings performance so that we can full our consumers wishes and needs with innovations today and in the future. This will give us a strong position within the global competitive environment.The marketing team set SMART objectives for the NIVEA FOR MEN relaunch. These are Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic (given the available resources) and Time constrained (to be achieved by a given date). The marketing team used research data to forecast market trends over the next three-to-five course of instructions. This helped them set specific target s for increasing sales, growing market share and improving its brand image. Beiersdorf wanted to increase its UK market share for NIVEA FOR MEN, but also wanted greater market penetration for male skincare products. In other words, it wanted not in force(p) a greater share of the existing market it wanted to expand that market. It wanted more men buying skincare products.One key aim was to move men from upright considering skincare products to making actual purchases. It also aimed to sell more male skincare products to women. Research had indicated that women were often the initial purchaser of skincare products for men. NIVEA FOR MEN used this key fact as a way to increase opportunities for sales. Another objective was to develop the NIVEA FOR MEN brand image. The NIVEA brand has always stood for good part products that are reliable, user-friendly and good value for money. The brands core values are security, trust, closeness and credibility. These values would be strengthened and expanded on with the re-launch, to get more men and women to think of NIVEA as first choice for skincare.www.thetimes100.co.ukGLOSSARYSMART objectives Frameworkfor constructing objectives in a waythat meets a business aim.Marketing strategies Longterm plans designed to enable anorganisation to identify and meetthe wants and needs of itscustomers.Promotion Making productsand services better known througha range of activities.Marketing strategiesThe NIVEA FOR MEN team devised marketing strategies to deliver its objectives. These strategies set out how the objectives would be achieved within the designated budget set by the management team.Two strategiesThis focus on product development combined with an emphasis on consumer needs is a key differentiator for NIVEA FOR MEN. It is a major reason why in the UK the brand is still the market leader in the male facial skincare market*.Another cornerstone of the UK marketing strategy for the re-launch was promotion. NIVEA sought to shape up on and develop the approach it had used in the past. In the 1980s, advertising in mens style and fashion magazines along with product take was a major promotional tool. In the 1990s, the company used radio, television and press advertising together with sampling. Since 2000, there has been a greater emphasis on consumer needs and an increasing use of experiential activities in the promotional mix. Experiential marketing is about engaging consumers through two-way communications that bring brand personalities to life and add value to the target audience. This helps build an emotional connection between the brand and the consumers. * NIVEA FOR MEN the UKs leading male skincare brand (IRI Data to 27th Dec 2008).10732184_NIVEANIVEA STUDY V623/6/09www.thetimes100.co.ukGLOSSARYAbove-the-line promotionsDirect expenditure on advertising,such as for a TV commercial.Below-the-line promotionscollateral expenditure on promotion,such as through publish gifts, PR orcompetitions.Brand affini ty How wellcustomers identify with the brand.Evaluation A positive processthat seeks to determine the worth,value or meaning of something.Key performance indicatorsFinancial and non-financialmeasures to monitor performanceacross a range of activities within afunction, department or role.1525Page 4It is important to get the promotional balance right. NIVEA FOR MEN promoted the upstart launches of its products through a form of above-the-line and below-the-line promotion. The use of sport was a key element here. NIVEA FOR MEN supported football events at a grass-roots level through its partnership with Powerleague to build positive relationships with men. This helped create stronger brand affinity for NIVEA FOR MEN among men. It also allowed the brand to build and maintain a consistent dialogue with men, which helps to drive sales.Above-the-line promotion included television and cinema adverts, which reached a wide audience. By using links with sport, NIVEA FOR MEN aimed to build a positive male image associated with male facial skincare. The brand also benefited from press advertorials in popular mens magazines, making the daily usage of their products more acceptable. Promotions were used to attract new customers. For example, the distribution of free samples encouraged trial of NIVEA FOR MEN products which drove purchase. These promotions have helped build up brand awareness and consumer familiarity which reinforce the NIVEA FOR MEN brand presence. There is a sacred NIVEA FOR MEN website to support its products and provide information to educate men on their skincare needs. To enhance the brand a tool called a Configurator was created on the website to help customers specify their skin type and find the product that best suits their needs.Conclusion evaluating the planThe Times Newspaper Limited and MBA Publishing Ltd 2009. Whilst every effort has been do to ensure accuracy of information, neither the publisher nor the client can be held responsible for errors of omission or commission.The marketing plan is a cycle that begins and ends with evaluation. The utmost stage in the marketing plan is to measure the outcomes of the marketing activities against the original objectives and targets. Continuous evaluation helps the marketing team to focus on modifying or introducing new activities to achieve objectives.108NIVEA FOR MEN adopted a range of key performance indicators to assess the success of the NIVEA FOR MEN re-launch in the UK. It looked at market share Did the re-launch drive this growth and help achieve its market share objectives? NIVEA FOR MEN is market leader in many countries and is consistently gaining additional market share. overall sales Was this in line with objectives? Internationally, NIVEAFOR MEN skincare products grew by almost 20%. Its sales in the UK market at retail in 2008 were nearly 30 million and in line with expectations. brand image ratings NIVEA FOR MEN was the Best Skincare Range winner in the FH M Grooming Award 2008 for the fifth year running. This award was voted for by consumers. It illustrates that NIVEA FOR MEN has an extremely positive brand image with consumers compared to other brands. product innovation In response to consumer feedback and following extensive product innovation and development, the NIVEA FOR MEN range has been expanded and the existing formulations improved.These results show that, in the UK, the NIVEA FOR MEN re-launch met its overall targets, which was a significant achievement, considering the difficult economic climate. The marketing plan for the re-launch used past performance and forecast data to create a new marketing strategy. This built on the brand and companys strengths to take advantage of the increasing change of male attitudes to using skincare products.Questions1. Describe two pieces of data that NIVEA used when preparing its marketing plan to relaunch NIVEA FOR MEN.2. Explain why NIVEA used football sponsorship to help increase its sales of NIVEA FOR MEN products.3. Using the case study, put together a SWOT analysis of NIVEAs position just before the relaunch of NIVEA FOR MEN.www.niveaformen.co.uk4. Discuss how effective you think the marketing plan for NIVEA FOR MEN has been.

The Struggle for Power in “The Yellow Wallpaper, ” “Daddy, ” and “Editha”

American Literature 9 March 2013 The Struggle for Power in The chicken Wallpaper, Daddy, and Editha Charlotte Perkins Gil parts piece, The Yellow Wallpaper (written in 1890, published in 1892), is a semi-autobiographical piece that, although believed to be a result of her severe postpartum depression, illustrates the difficulties faced by women during the Womens Movement. These difficulties argon further illustrated by the similarly semi-autobiographical poem, based on Plaths father and husband, Daddy by Sylvia Plath (written in 1962, published in 1965).These gender roles are past reversed in Editha, (written in 1898, published in 1905) which has been said to be William Dean Howellss response to the Spanish-American War. The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Daddy by Sylvia Plath and Editha by William Dean Howells all illustrate the conflict in gender roles during the Womens Movement in 19th and 20th Centuries. F read- completely storage the beginning, the narrator in Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper allows men, especially her husband, legerdemain, to be superior to her.As a physician, he orders her to stay in bed and discontinue anything stimulating, such as being visionary or writing. Though she tactile propertys better when she writes, and feels it may be beneficial, she does not speak against John but writes in private Personally I disagree with their ideas. Personally, I believe that congenial work, with excitement and change, would do me good. But what is wholeness to do? By asking the end question, she essentially states that she is not her husbands play hit and has no choice but to listen, and is accepting of this.She even follows Johns orders even when he is not present to enforce them John says the really pound thing I can do is to think close to my condition, and I confess it always makes me feel bad. So I will let it wholly and talk about the house. This reaction can be compa carmine to what many people experience today with doctors. Although people usually kat once what will make themselves feel better, they will most often follow the advice of a doctor sort of, simply because physicians are figures of authority. The narrator knows that writing and socializing would help and clearly wants to recover rom her infirmity, but she allows her husband and brother, who is also a respected physician, to control her treatment. The chars description of the wallpaper is symbolic of the evolution of her illness. The wallpaper, upon first introduction and description, amply illustrates how the woman regards her illness It is dull enough to confuse the eye in following, pronounced enough to constantly irritate and provoke study, and when you follow the lame uncertain curves for a small- senseed distance they suddenly commit self-destruction-plunge off at outrageous angles, destroy themselves in unheard of contradictions. As Paula A. Triechler states in her paper, Escaping the Sentence Diagnosis and Discourse in The Yellow Wallpaper, Like all good metaphors, the yellow wallpaper is variously interpreted by readers to represent (among other things) the pattern which underlies sexual inequality, the external locution of neurasthenia, the narrators unconscious, the narrators situation within patriarchy (3). This portrays not only how the woman feels about herself and her illness, but also the effect of her husbands orders.The lame uncertain curves are likely a reference to her husbands treatment orders, and suicide could very well be the result if followed. The unheard of contradictions express the faultiness of Johns methods. At one point she describes his contradictions he says no one but myself can help me out of it, that I must use my will and self-control and not let any silly fancies run away with me, yet, he does not allow her to do as she wills. She describes writing as a relief, but because John has instructed her to stop writing, she lets her imagination run with the lines of the wa llpaper.The to a greater extent she allows her mind to wander, the more confident she becomes, which is reflective in her description of the woman in the wallpaper. The initial description of this woman is of her stooping down and creeping about. The woman in the wallpaper is a direct reflection of the narrators confidence and feelings of inferiority, and the change they undergo. Initially, the woman in the wall symbolizes the narrators fear of presenting herself and her opinions, and being her husbands equal. She begins to display a building confidence in herself, and an almost amused invite of Johns orders.When John tells her that she seems to be doing well, in spite of the wallpaper, she has to stop herself from openly laughing. It is at this point, where she is building confidence in herself, that she begins to see the woman in the wallpaper more clearly. She states, I think that woman gets out in the daytime And Ill tell you why privately Ive seen her symbolizing her conf idence beginning to emerge. Finally, she allows herself to be fully confident she allows her mind to fully explore the wallpaper. The lines, then I peeled off all the paper I could reach standing on the floor.It sticks abominably and the pattern just enjoys it, symbolizes the destruction of that which limits her. One may argue that she has had a psychotic break, but the intention of these lines is to show the narrator gaining confidence. As Gilman says herself in an phrase submitted to the October 1913 issue of The Forerunner regarding her treatment then, using the remnants of intelligence that remained I cast the noted specialists advice to the winds and went to work againwork in which is joy and growth and service, without which one is a pauper and a parasiteultimately recovering some measure of power. This is the same message as the last lines of the story Ive got out at last, she says to John, in spite of you and Jane. And Ive pushed off most of the paper so you cant put me b ack meaning she can no longer be told what she must do and she is now in control, creeping over the fainted John. Similarly, Sylvia Plath illustrates the path she took to break free, from the memory of her father, in her poem Daddy. Plat compares the confinement her fathers memory has created to a shoe, that for 30 years, she was trapped in, too scared to dare to breathe or Achoo. Throughout the poem, Plath uses similes and metaphors to reveal a dramatic view on the relationship between herself and her father. Plath aligns gypsies and Judaic people with the female figure, and she aligns German Nazis with both male figures, she employs these comparisons to draw women as victims and men as persecutors. Plath continues this description of confinement by saying she is a Jew in Dachau, Auschwitz, Belsen. She continually describes her father as black, and even tells her father You stand at the blackboard, daddy, In the picture I have of you,A cleft in your chin instead of your foot B ut no less a devil for that, no not Any less the black man who Bit my pretty red heart in two. She resents her father for abandoning her, yet she still feels bound to his memory, so much so that after burying him at the age of ten, she attempted suicide at twenty trying to get back, back, back to him (Daddy 59). Plath further illustrate this confinement to his memory by explain she married a man who, essentially, was her father but after 7, metaphorically, killed her husband thus freeing her of the memories of her father. As Guinevara A.Nance and Judith P. Jones explain in On Daddy, Plath accomplishes, through the use of relative chronological sequencing of childhood memories, and on through the attempted suicide to the point at thirty when the woman tries to extricate herself from her image of daddy, is a dramatization of the process of psychic refinement in the speaker (par. 3). While The Yellow Wallpaper and Daddy are stories illustrating women breaking free, Editha, by William Dean Howells, is a story of a woman who desires to catch up with her betrothed and by doing so pushes him into struggle.Editha wants a hero in William Dean Howellss Editha and will not stop short of persuading her betrothed to go off to war to achieve this dream. In this short story gender differences are at play, but in reverse Editha feels a patriotic duty to her rural area even if that means going off to war, while George sees war as absurd. In addition, as Philip Furia from the University of Minnesota states in Editha The Feminine View, Edithas idealistic mind set is tainted by her unconscious desire to disarm her lover (279).This unconscious desire is illustrated by her excitement in regards to the war, the possibility of George being maim and her belief that he will be complete(a) if he enlists. Upon hearing of the war declaration Editha immediately thinks of George and how glorious it would be if he were a war hero. She feels it is a mans patriotic duty to serve his cou ntry, in war however, she hardly perceives the sacrifice of enlisting, in most cases that sacrifice being the enlisteds life. Editha is focused on a picture of perfection and how she will appear to others as the woman betrothed to a heroic solider.She believes he would be perfect and worthy of her love if he enlists. Georges feelings about war are quiet opposite and he voices this when he asks is it glorious to break the peace of the humanness? (Editha par. 9). He clearly finds war to be unnecessary but this belief vanishes after he goes drinking with friends. He then returns to Edithas house, drunk, to boast about enlisting and his title of Captain. Editha is delighted with his enlistment, even after George tells her of his father, who lost an arm in the Civil War.This story, instead of scaring her as George intends, thrills Editha she becomes fascination with the idea of George needing her two arms, which would give her superiority (Furia 280). Edithas preoccupation with overpow ering George is evident in her reaction to him, drunkenly, recounting enlisting after which he kisses her in a manner very unlike him, that made her feel as if she had lost her old lover and found a stranger in his place, she finds that within her wilfulness she has been frightened by a sense of subtler force in him sic (Editha para. 4). After George has announced his enlistment, Editha is delighted with his near-perfection, but this near-perfection is lost when Georges name is on the list of those killed. She reels not only from grief but from disbelief because her idealistic picture did not include this and, for that reason, she cannot grasp how it could possibly be. Editha goes to visit Mrs. Gearson, as George had asked before deploying, it is then that Editha cries however, Editha cries with relief because she feels in Mrs.Gearsons accusation, that girls and women think the soldiers will come marching back, somehow, just as gay as they went, or if its an empty sleeve, or even an empty pantaloon, its all the more glory, and theyre so much the prouder of them, poor things she has been understood (Editha par. 118). These trio pieces delve into the theme of gender inequality which, during the time these pieces were written, was being questioned and changed through the Womens Movement.These pieces provide three different views of gender conflict wife versus the superior husband in The Yellow Wallpaper, daughter versus father and later wife versus husband in Daddy, and man versus the woman who desires superiority in Editha. Works Cited Daddy by Sylvia Plath. Internal. org Poets. N. p. , n. d. Web. 2 Mar. 2013. Editha. William Dean Howellss Short Story. Readbookonline. net, n. d. Web. 2 Mar. 2013. Furia, Philip. Editha The Feminine View. American Literary Realism, 1870-1910 12. 2 (1979) 278-282. JSTOR. Web. 2 Mar. 2013. Gilman, Charlotte P. Gilman, Why I Wrote The Yellow Wallpaper. The Department of History. The College of Staten Island/CUNY, 08 June 1999. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. Nance, Guinevara A. , and Judith P. Jones. On Daddy Modern American Poetry. University of Illinois English Department, n. d. Web. 1 Mar. 2013. The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Electronic school text Center. University of Virginia Library, n. d. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. Treichler, Paula A. Escaping the Sentence Diagnosis and Discourse in The Yellow WallpaperTulsa Studies in Womens Literature. 3. 1/2 (1984) 61-77. JSTOR. Web. 01 Feb. 2013.

Maximization of Shareholder Wealth Essay

QuestionFirms often involve themselves in projects that do not result directly in profits, for example by sponsorship of sporting events of the opera or other entertainment. Do these projects contradict the goal of maximization of shareholder wealth? Why or why not? practiceParticipating in programs that are socially responsible does not contradict the goal of maximization of shareholder wealth. Having a good reputation from your local residential district is very important for sustaining a business. Although it remains true that spending on social programs could cost a major business millions of dollars, it is the goodwill that is formed through with(predicate) that community that can offer an essential guarantee for the continuation of that firm.For an example, if the Australian Company Energex stopped spending some of their money on alternative force initiatives or programs, that can be seen as being environmentally concerned, some of Energexs customers could decide to do busi ness with other energy companies who are zesty with programs that are seen as being more socially responsible. Failing to engage in socially responsible programs, thus potentially losing many customers, goes against maximizing shareholder wealth.When all is said and done, there is far more meaning to business and shareholder wealth than just dollars and cents. An investment in the greater good of the world race pays dividends to the alliance many more times than penny pinching.By participating in socially responsible programs, this can ensure that a company keep a positive reputation and goodwill, which in turn creates loyalty from their customers which leads to a maximization of shareholder wealth. It is then imperative for businesses to invest in a few respectable social initiatives that may not always generate profits in order to sustain maximizing shareholder wealth.

Aboriginal Cooking Methods Essay

The traditional ways to produce for aboriginals used to involve roasting their food on hot coals, baking in the ashes & steaming in ground ovens. But today theses things name changed & the aboriginals have easier ways to cook using technology from today. They have adapted to make the process easier by boiling & barbequing.RoastingWhen cooking meat, this was the basic technique, which was almost always used. They cooked most meat, fish & small turtles.To make authentic the meat was cooked through, it was also covered by ashes & coals, which also made tough meat softer. The meat would be eaten quickly after roasting.Shellfish were also cooked on the coals on the slip throughside of the fire, this way when they started to froth, they could be removed quickly.BakingBread & damper was cooked in the ashes. When aboriginals made fires, they made sure they used the right motley of firewood, so that after the fire was out, the ashes could be used for cooking their chou. They were very cargonful as to which wood they used because some woods made to bread taste bad & some caused irritation & discomfort. Over time, it was the wattle seed that was found to be the most successful for cooking. It gave no bad taste, gave no champion irritations & produced a fine ash.Witchetty grubs only needed to be quickly rolled over the ashes to be cooked. Then damper was put beneath the ashes & then covered. To cook yam, or vegetables, they would dig a small hole, place the vegetable in it, and then cover it with ash.SteamingIn the Wiradjuri argonas, steam ovens still exist. The ovens were made by digging a hole in the ground, they were about 90cm long, & 60cm deep. The clay left over from digging was then made into smooth lumps & then would be dictated on top, once the hole was filled with selected firewood. While the wood burned, the clay became hot. The clay would then be removed with tongs. The pit would be swept out & then lined with still green leaves & grass. Then meat such as possums (because they were small enough) would be lain inside, covered with more leaves & then the clay would be placed on top.To stop the steam escaping, the ground that was originally taken out when the hole was dug covers the clay.WrappingWrapping is still used in places like Arnhem Land. Vegetables are wrapped in the moist paper bark from Melaleuca trees & then placed in ground ovens.Today Aboriginals use more travel methods of cooking. They have adapted their old ways to make them easier.BoilingAboriginals have straightaway learned to boil foods in galvanized cans, tins, steel drums or whatever items are available. Because of this, ground ovens are being used less & less.BarbequingAlthough the Aboriginals dont have top of the range barbeques, they have got their own version. It is simply a role of wire to hole pieces of meat or dough over red coals.Aboriginal DreamingAlthough the Dreamtime was in the past, it is the Aborigines religion & culture that rules them today. Th e saying, As it was done in the Dreamtime, so it must be done today, dominates all aspects of the Aboriginals lifestyle & actions. According to some Aboriginals, the Rainbow snake in the grass made the world. It is their belief that that is true. Religion is some spates way, fondnessualism is theirs.The Rainbow Serpent came from the Northern Territory while Australia was still in its dreaming stage. It traveled over the country, creating the mountainous locations by pushing the consume into m each ranges & isolated areas.The capacious Dividing Range is a creation of the rainbow serpents movements. Throughout its journey over & under the land, it created rivers, valleys, & lakes. It was also careful to leave many areas flat.Once it was satisfied with its creation of Australia, spirit people came from inside it & moved all over the country to form many different lifestyles, languages & different stories.When the land was finally finished, it was ready for people, but in that resp ect were none .Walya-Nam-Adiki was the woman who walked out of the sea & met up with a tribal man. Seen as there were no people, they talked about the problem with having such a howling(prenominal) land, but no people to live there. To fix this problem, they had many spirit children together. Walya-Nam-Adiki told all her children to go to all different places across the country & to speak rude(a) languages, make & keep land & water management. They were to stay in their chosen areas, & to make social & kinship systems which would make sure that there would always be people within their tribal boundaries.Other Aboriginals believe that when the world first existed, that giant semi-mortal beings that resembled plants & animals rose up from the flat land where they had been sleeping for countless ages.These beings wandered the land aimlessly. As they roamed around, theyperformed the tasks that Aboriginals do today. These included camping, making fires, digging for water, fighting each former(a) & performing ceremonies. When they became tired of carrying out these rituals, the dreamtime ended. Wherever the creators had been, a natural landform now marks the place. The creators made everything which Aboriginals are in contact with everyday & from which they gain their living. Apart from forming the land, they also created the laws that govern the aspects of everyday life, which some Aborigines still live by.Aboriginals in Jail & CustodyThe idea of over-representation of Aboriginal adults in prison is set down early for the younger generation to understand. In Juvenile Detention centers, aboriginals antique 10-17 were 24.2* times more likely to be in custody than non-aboriginal children. For aboriginals aged 18-21 the over-representation rate was 9.6*Indigenous rates of imprisonment in adult prisons varied amidst about 4* times the non-indigenous rate in Tasmania & up to over 20* times in Western & South Australia.At almost any time, up to 80% of inmates in North ern Territory Correctional Facilities are of aboriginal descent. Whatever the intent, mandatory sentencing has more effect on aboriginals than any other ethnic group in the NT.Also Police custody rates for Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islanders was 26.2* times more likely than people of other races. Aboriginals are 25% of people that are arrested & 15% of people who are in jails are also Aboriginal.From data collected, aboriginals are over-represented in offences involving violence, breaking & entering, breaches of justice procedures & capricious offences.Aboriginal people are 12 times more likely than others to be in prison forhomicide and 16 times for breaking and entering.One linguistic rule factor is that of the low status of the indigenous side of Australia in socio-economy & culture.In 1988, Commissioner Muirhead stated that humanity and our countrys reputation demand a supple approach and new initiatives. Years later, Aboriginals still continue to die in police cells & priso ns.On 10th February, 2000 a 15 yr old boy committed suicide in the Don Dale Correctional Facility in Darwin. He had a mandatory 28jail sentence for petty theft of pens, pencils & paint. He was out-of-pocket for his release 4 days after his death. The Northern Territory Chief Minister simply swept aside the death & gave a statement on that point will always be deaths in custody.The death of the boy & the Country Liberal Party refused to even consider the re-appeal of the mandatory sentencing laws sent a break of outrage through many leading Australian, International & Aboriginal groups.Two weeks previous to the death, a Federal Senate traveled to Darwin, to make a report on the laws. None of the Country Liberal Partys officials was prepared to give evidence at the hearing.The United Nations blasted Australia over these laws, & the treatment of the indigenous people to this land. Also saying that Canberra could be in breach of the UN Convention to Eliminate Racial Discrimination.*B ased on records in 1998

Night by Elie Weisel Book Analysis

Night Analysis Elie Wiesels use of language and structure emphasizes the meaning and tone of the selection. well examine the memoir and your annotations to find practice sessions of these features of language and structure. Fill in the chart below, providing the definition of the device, 2-3 lessons from the text complete with page number references, and the effect of each simulation on the context in which it is used and the work as a whole.Literary or Stylistic Device Definition of Device 3-4 Examples from the Text Effect of distributively Example Anaphora The repetition of a word or short phrase at the beginning of a sentence or sentences 1)Never shall I bar that darkNever shall I forget that smokeNever shall I forget the small faces of the childrenNever shall I forget those flamesNever shall I forget the nocturnal silenceNever shall I forget those moments that murdered my GodNever shall I forget those thingsNever. (Wiesel 34)2)Fire I see a give the bounce I see a fire. . require Look at this fire This terrible fire.. Fire I see a fire.. Look at the fire Look at the flames.. Look at the fire Look at the flames.. Jews, look Look at the fire Look at the flames (Wiesel 24-28)3) arouse be the Almighty blessed be Gods nameBlessed be Gods nameBlessed be Thou, Almighty, Master of the Universe, who chose us among all nations to be tortured day and night(Wiesel 67) 1) The effect of this utilization is that it shows how Wiesel will never forget anything that happened his first night in camp.Elie Wiesel says he wont ever forget the smoke, nor the children he saw walk right into death. He wont forget his helpless faith, his silence, or the events that killed his God, his soul, and his dreams. Wiesel will never forget any of those, as long as he pull throughs. Wiesel states, Never shall I forget those things, even if I were condemned to live as long as God Himself. Never. No matter Wiesel does, or doesnt do, we will always remember his first night in Birke nau. 2)The effect of this sample is that it shows that Mrs.Schachter sees something continuously, but no one else on the cattle auto sees it. The fact that she sees these flames and fire before they even arrive in Birkenau symbolizes their fate and death. round peoples fate on the cattle car was to live and make it through some concentration camps. Others were destined to die in the cremation chamber with hundreds of others. Mrs. Schachters sanity was withering, and she began to hallucinate, even though she was telling the truth. 3)The ffect of this example is that it shows that through all the heartache and trials, the Jews have not disoriented complete faith. Them saying Blessed be over and over again represents that they want God to help get them out of the trouble they have been placed in. Diction Word prime(prenominal) 1)A royal feast going away to waste.. A man appeared, crawling snakelike in the direction of the cauldrons. (Wiesel 59)2)Praised be Thy Holy Name, for ha ving chosen us to be slaughtered on Thine altar? (Wiesel 67)3)Here, take this knife, he said. I wont need it anymore Also take this spoon. Me hereditary pattern (Wiesel 75) 1)The effect of this example is that it shows how rough their months and years have been in the concentration camps, so that when the Jews see 2 cauldrons of soup their minds go spinning. They realize that is the most food they have seen at one time. If the Holocaust had never happened, these Jews wouldnt appreciate the food they had as much as they did when they came to the camps. The snakelike part enhances the actions of the old man and how secretive he was trying to be so no one would notice him.The way Wiesel uses the words make the actions of the Jews and the man much more important than what they seem. 2) The effect of this example is that it shows how Elie Wiesel is questioning why he should praise God, if God was the one who left all his people alone to be killed with no purpose. Wiesel uses this quest ion to demonstrate his lost faith and his need to question everything he has learned about God. 3) The effect of this example is that it shows how any typical person would be glad to get their inheritance (money, a car, etc. ).But the fact that all Wiesels family had left were a knife and silver spoon, shows how much the SS took from them. Wiesel didnt even want to take his inheritance because that would have also meant letting go of the last family member he had with him. Foreshadowing A hint of what is going to happen 1)Mother was stroking my childs blond hair, as if to protect her. And I walked on with my induce, with the men. I didnt k right off that this was the moment in time and the place where I was going away my mother and Tzipora forever. I kept walking, my father holding my hand. (Wiesel 29)2)Just you wait, kidYou will see what it costs to leave your workYoull pay for this laterAnd now go back to your place (Wiesel 57)3)Suddenly, the gate opened, and Stern, a former shopkeeper who now was a policeman, entered and took my father aside. Despite the growing darkness, I could see my father turn pale. (Wiesel 12) 1)The effect of this example is that it shows how naive and innocent Elie Wiesel was because he didnt even realize he would never see his sister and mother again. formerly he lost sight of them, he would never see nor hear from them again.The SS took so much away from Wiesel and the other Jews that they were too gullible to realize what was going on, and by then, it was too late. 2)The effect of this example is that it shows that because Elie was snooping around and not following the orders he was given, he was caught peaking on Idek and a Polish girl and will now pay for this. So now we, the readers, must wait to find out what unknown punishment Wiesel will receive. 3)The effect of this example is that is shows that because father got pale, the Jews began to know something cock-a-hoop was going to happen. Imagery The use of vivid or fig urative language to represent objects, actions, or ideas 1)They were forced to dig huge trenches. When they had finished their work, the men from the Gestapo began theirs. Without sexual love or haste, they shot their prisoners, who were forced to approach the trench one by one and offer their necks. Infants were tossed into the air and used as targets for their machine guns. This took place in the Galician forest, near Kolomay (Wiesel 6)2)In front of us, those flames. In the air, the smell of burning flesh. It must have been around midnight. We had arrived.In Birkenau. (Wiesel 28)3)Not far from us, flames, huge flames, were rising from a ditch. Something was being burned there. A truck drew close and unloaded its hold small children. Babies Yes, I did see this, with my own eyeschildren thrown into flames. (Is it any interview that ever since, then sleep tends to elude me? ) (Wiesel 32) 1)The effect of this example is that it we, the readers, can visualize what the Jews were doi ng as they dug their own graves without even knowing it. Those Judaic people had to dig the trenches, and then were shot without a word of prayer said over them. )The effect of this example is that as Wiesel is stepping off the cattle car and taking all this in, it is almost as if we are there with him. You can visualize the smell of burning bodies, and you can see the smoke and flames from the crematorium. This quote takes us to Birkenau and makes us imagine what Elie really saw. 3)The effect of this example is that we can almost see the flames, the ditch, and the babies being dumped into them and burned alive. This quote is so vivid and real that its almost like a dream, except for the fact that Elie Wiesel experienced it. Parallel Structure The author maintains the same structure in the sentence 1)Never shall I forget Never shall I forget Never shall I forgetNever. (Wiesel 34)2) They passed me by, one after the other, my teachers, my friends, the others, some of whom I had once feared, some of whom I had demonstrate ridiculous, all of those whose lives I had shared for years. There they went, defeated, their bundles, their lives in tow, having left behind their childhood. They passed me by like beaten dogs (Wiesel 17)3)He is very weak The weak beginnert last very long around hereso weak. (Wiesel 45) 1)The effect of this example is that Elie Wiesel is showing he wont ever forget and when repeats it over and over, not just to let himself know that, but to let the readers know how significant that night was and how it will and has affected the rest of his life. 2)The effect of this example is that Wiesel is mentioning all the people who had lived in his community, wise or unwise, known or unheard of, they lived with him. And as they walk the streets, their heads are low, and they went by, defeated by the Germans. 3)The effect of this example emphasizes how weak Elie is, and how hard it is to stay healthy in their situation.Weak also shows how cruel the SS are to the Jews because if they werent so cruel to them, many of the Jews that were still living, would be voiceless and healthier than they were. Polysyndeton Repetition of a specific conjunction 1)2)3) 1)2)3) Rhetorical Question A question that is asked, but not meant to be answered 1)2)3) 1)2)3) Symbolism 1)2)3) 1)2)3) Personification 1)2)3) 1)2)3) fiction 1)2)3) 1)2)3) Sentence Variety (Syntax) 1)2)3) 1)2)3) Irony 1)2)3) 1)2)3) Understatement 1)2)3) 1)2)3)

The Story of an Hour Reflection

A Reflection on The Story of an Hour locomote Rankin Shashonda Porter ENG 125 December 12th, 2011 A Reflection on The Story of an Hour Summary The short fable The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin was written in 1894. In the beginning of the story, we discover that Mrs. Louise Mallard has a centre of attention condition, but she is also express to be young. Which to me seemed odd, but I overlooked this particular so that I could continue the story. Mrs. Mallards sister Josephine and Mrs. Mallards hubby friend Richard came to her ho social occasion to break the news of the death of her economise in a railroad disaster.They tried to tell her the news gently, because of her condition. To them she seemed to react how a new widow should. She wept and collapsed in her sisters arms, before running to her room to be alone. This is where the story in brief takes a turn. There in her room, she was actually crying because of happiness of the death rather than sadness. Her sister thinks M rs. Mallard is making herself sick. In the nett paragraphs, Mrs. Mallard leaves her bedroom, when her husband walks into the front door, Mrs. Mallard than passes away at the sight of her husband. Structure/ Key Terms The Story of an Hour was told in the 3rd mortal point of view, which enables the readers to have a better view and understanding of the story. I noticed Kate Chopin used quite a bit of symbolism in the story as well. For instance, Mrs. Mallard welcomes the new spring life through the window of her room. This symbolizes a new beginning of her new life without her husband. The tone is ironically break and joy, despite the news of death. One would think that sadness and instability would be the tone. However, Chopin uses specific language and details to portray otherwise.My thoughts of the story the present story is not only brief and clear but also compelling and complex, and it easily lends itself to a variety of critical approaches (R. C. Evans, 2001). This story was very captivating. I was able to use my imagination to see the characters in full form. Kate Chopin, author of the story went into great detail to portray the setting in the story as well as the tone. At set-back glance, I thought the tone set for this story was sad and depressing. But I soon realized it was more of relief and happiness.I couldnt help but to be swept away to this time period and feel as if I were witnessing the situation first hand. At first I couldnt help but to feel a sense of sadness for Louise Mallard. I mean she had just lost her husband. But I soon realized when she fled to her room, that I felt relieved with her. I felt the empowerment with Louise Mallard. Kate Chopin goes into great detail describing the timbre and emotions that come over Mrs. Mallard after she escapes to her room. Chopin describes the view outside of Mrs. Mallards window to be spring in full bloom. These details provide a look at Mrs.Mallards new life without her husband. She was relieve d that he had passed away. She was free, free, free (Clugston, 2010, Chopin, 1894). Later, Chopin goes into more detail on how Mrs. Mallard is feeling, in the following paragraphs. But she saw beyond that resentment moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome. . There would be no powerful go away bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellowcreature.A kind intention or a cruel intention made the act seem no less a crime as she looked upon it in that brief moment of illumination. Free Body and soul free she kept whispering (Clugston, 2010, Chopin, 1894). As Mrs. Mallard returns downstairs her husband enters the room, Mrs. Mallard quickly passes away. I cant help to question the reasoning behind her death. Was it the surprise of her husbands return that made her heart to stop beating? Or was it more on the l ines of she wont receive this new bound freedom she was dreaming of that caused her heart to fail?I cant help but to think it was her freedom suddenly disappearing that ended her life at a young age. I belatedly read a chapter from a source provided. It lists students perspective on certain points in the story. Students were asked to analyze the following statement as a reader-response critic She said it over and over under her breather free Free Free (Clugston, 2010, Chopin, 1894). Barbara Larson (a student from Auburn University) states breaks down each piece of the statement.She says The words under her breath might also encourage the reader to feel an intimacy with Louise and thus regard her sympathetically, since the reader is allowed to share a very personal moment. Likewise, by placing exclamation marks after each use of free, Chopin may be encouraging the reader to chare Louises excitement about this new-found liberty (B. Larson, R. C. Evans, 2001). Larsons statement des cribes my feeling towards this statement exactly. After reading the statement I felt a connection with Mrs. Mallard in a sense of I have experience the feeling of freedom.Not that a past love passed away, more like a past love finally released me from the grasp I felt round my neck when I was with him. I felt a connection with Mrs. Mallard at that very point in the story. References * R. W. Clugston (2010) Journey to Literature Retrieved from https//content. ashford. edu/books/AUENG125. 10. 2 * R. C. Evans (2001) approximate Readings Analysis of Short Fiction from Multiple Perspectives by Students of Auburn University Montgomery Retrieved from http//site. ebrary. com/lib/ashford/docDetail. action? docID=10015376&p00=kate%20chopin

Satire in Huck Finn

Huckleberry Finn Bannedor Not? Picture a river not just both kind of river, the Mississippi River. Now picture yourself on a raft, but youre not alone. in that respectre two other people with you, know as Huckleberry Finn and Jim. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is known widely as a satiric allegory, but due to the satirical techniques Twain uses all passim the book has caused it to become controversial on whether it should or should not be banned.Although Twain may turn out to be racist in Huckleberry Finn, he actually wrote the book during the Reconstruction Era but base the book during Pre-Civil War to show the good ole times when the white southerners had slaves. Because Twain uses so galore(postnominal) satirical techniques to help show readers that slavery is horrible, therefore Adventures of Huckleberry Finn should not be banned. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was and still is considered a satirical novel because of its use of caricature, flyer, jeering, and social satire (maybe even a little of parody).Mark Twain uses satire to prove his window pane on slavery. And in order to accomplish that, he has to use all sorts of satirical techniques. He uses broadside to show the racism in the south, There isnt any book out there in the world that is known that Mark Twain doesnt use satire. In Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Huck tries to decide whether he should commit a sin to steal back a captured slave, and when he sees that he wants to steal Jim back, he tears up the note and says, All right, then, Ill go to h___. 208). This is satirical because Twain is using irony to show that Huck thinks he is doing something horrible when he is actually doing a good deed. This is an example of a good satirical technique used in the book. However, there are plenty reasons why many schools have banned the book. For example, Twain uses broadside a lot causing libraries and schools to think of it as beingness racist making them banning the book.

Alpine Avalanche in Austria in 1999

The go down in Austria that had killed more or less 31 state in February 1999 has been considered as the worst instinctive tragedy during the past 30 years. The Alpine come down smashed into the Ischgl ski resort near the village of Galtuer. What is go down? Why it is happening?These two questions provide understanding on the natural disaster that just about of us are not aware or are concerned. Snow Avalanche is the zipy downslide battlefront of bump ice associated with assorted debris such as rocks and vegetation (Definition and Characteristic-Avalanche).Avalanche happens when a flock of lead by the nose becomes unstable it then releases and speedily down slides either over an open or design battleground in an fall path. Its speed nonetheless reaches up to two hundred miles an hour and hindquarters wield a force strong enough to uproot or snap big trees or even destroy concrete structures. An avalanche whitethorn be preceded by an air blast that may also be capabl e of damaging buildings. Snow avalanche is a natural hazard on with rock avalanche, landslides, debris torrents that are all known as mountain slope hazards (McClung, David & Schaerer, Peter 2006, p.14). These hazards presents stern problems for visitors and dwellers in mountainous terrain though mountain slope hazards are not as destructive as the so-called big five of the natural disasters such as earthquake, floods, tropical storms, drought, and volcanic eruptions. However, the Austrian avalanche in February 23, 1999 that claimed thirty-one lives mostly tourist from neighboring countries were said to be the worst alpine disaster in the world. Rescuers said aside from the 31 bulk dead, they rescued twenty-three of which eight were injured.Wendelin Weingartner, governor in the western province of Tyrol commented saying, this is a catastrophe such as we allow not had for centuries. Eyewitness of the crack stated automobiles were trampled by big walls of ascorbic acid or tosse d like toy cars by the force of the avalanche. matchless house was sliced off its top floor as if by a giant razor blade. The disaster stranded up to seven hundred tourists in Galtuer but they were eventually flown out by the Austrian army to safety as well as the more or less gramme foreign tourists.The bear on of this avalanche was heavily felt in the village of Galtuer, which was reach, by the raging steady moving snow avalanche in a matter of barely fifty seconds destroying seven fresh buildings and burying fifty-seven people. The families of the victims were outraged as the village were supposed to be safe from the threat of avalanche. Galtuer was situated two hundred meters from the base of the mountains and is considered safe from avalanche based on the computerized stimulated test display one in one hundred-fifty year event, would not reach the village.However, the massive built up of snow and the accumulation along the way as it slid down the mountain slope has grow n so self-aggrandising at one hundred meters high when it trampled on the village. Investigation about what made the February 1999 Austrian avalanche so much worse than anything previously recorded revealed that from January 20 onwards series of severe storms brought warm, wet air from the Atlantic, which upon meeting with ice cold arctic air, resulted, to a record snowfalls of up to four meters.This was followed by very strong winds of up to one hundred-twenty kilometer per hour, which had increased the depth of snow on the mountains above Galtuer. David Waugh (2000) explains that as snowfalls, it often forms two layers separated, as in sandwich, by a irresoluteer layer (p. 127). The warmer stick out at Galtuer at the end of January caused melting and re-freezing until there was a much greater accumulation of snow. Although avalanche higher warning was given three times in the area, but it was quite impossible to previse the exact locations of avalanche with all the thousands slopes in the region.The build up of snow under a weak ground have made that very strong avalanche force that has brought enormous destruction on lives and meetties. The February 1999 avalanche, which began at four in the afternoon of the twenty-third with a dry snow slab avalanche, fractured with a comprehensiveness of approximately four hundred meter. Scientist studying the nature of February 1999 avalanche discovered through a controlled experimentation that avalanche increased in volume considerably as it moved downhill (Waugh 2000, p.127). The scientist findings revealed that that the weight of snow that hit Galtuer was up to 400,000 tones and that the avalanche was one hundred meters in height and had traveled at the speed of three hundred kilometer per hour. The disastrous 1999 alpine avalanche has shown clearly that it is fundamental to have right-hand(a) land use planning to protect mountain villages from the destructive effects of the snow avalanches. Walter J.Ammann, Stefanie Dannenmann, and Laurent Vulliet stated that proper planning of land use requires a correct risk analysis procedure which implies the evaluation of the two essential components of risk hazard and vulnerability (Ammann, Dannenmann, & Vulliet 2006, p. 227). The vulnerability of Austrian structures and buildings against avalanche has been directly correlated to the impact pressure. However, the vulnerability component of avalanche risk is more difficult to assess because of the scarcity of suitable selective information to evaluate the effects of avalanches on people and properties.Despite of the efforts of the Austrian government to prevent the build up of snow in the mountain area, the incident that challenged the human capacity of creating safety standards against natural disasters prove to be no much against a simple actions of nature. The February 1999 avalanche in the village of Galtuer perhaps can be attributed to the human shortcomings despite of the prior efforts made to ensure the safety of everyone in the area, tourist and local people alike.Based on available literature, comprehensive studies were done on the lineament and nature of avalanche only after the Galtuer incident happened. This suggest that the village of Galtuer which were assured of safety from the threat of avalanche were constantly in risk as studies done previously were not really sufficient to determine the true characteristic of avalanche. Besides, hazard zoning was inefficient as most of the destroyed houses were within green zoning which insecure to the threats of avalanche. In this case, the February 1999 avalanche came as a big surprise costing lives and damages to properties.It was apparent that withstand was particularly severe in the region with non-stop snowfalls over the duration of seven days accumulating up to 270cm. local anesthetic feedbacks about the weather condition estimates that strong winds, which are around eighty to ninety kilometer per hour, produce d 10-20 tones of snow in an hour. The testimonies from survivors indicate that they were not at all expecting such tragedy would happen. A British survivor described the scenario as incredible and absolutely terrifying stating that a huge cloud of snow enwrap the village.In his article entitled, Lessons Learnt from Avalanche Disasters Alessandro Colombo stated that people ignored the warning believing that the situations were improbable. The 1999 Austrian avalanche was not a single disaster that happened that particular year as more avalanche occurred although not as disastrous as what happened in February 23 of that year. The two avalanches that successively and unexpectedly occurred have left many people dead and threats of new avalanches continues to bring fears and worries to people leaving in the area and tourist alike.The responsibility of the Austrian authorities is to make protect the safety of the people by enforcing needed measures that will guarantee their safety. It i s clear from this point that the authorities had not done enough to protect the people from the threat of the avalanche. Indeed, the Austrian authorities have been criticized for doing the evacuation earlier. Televisions and newspaper stated that that government should have taken more safety measures for the sake of the safety of the people, even at the cost of tourist business.Conclusions What happened in February 1999 in Austria is grim reminder that man cannot underestimate the forces of nature, which usually strike in an unexpected situation. The case of the drop down of Titanic during a very peaceful condition of sea is a further reminder that authorities cannot afford to be complacent about his accomplishment particularly when it comes to keeping the safety of the people. While the Austrian authorities admit shortcomings, the disaster had already claimed lives and wrought enormous destruction to properties.Although these events happened almost a ecstasy ago, it is important that government take advance precautionary measures that will guaranty the safety of the people even at the expense of tourist industry. While Austrian mountain slopes continues to attract tourist from the around the world, the danger from the threats of avalanche remains. However, it is perhaps safe to assume that the lessons from the 1999 avalanche were already imbedded in the hearts and of the Austrian people. In other words, similar disasters may never happen again with the same magnitude of destruction both in humans and in properties.Reference List Ammann, J. ,W. Dannenmann, S. & Vulliet, L. (2006) Risk 21- Coping with Risk Due to natural Hazards in the 21st London Taylor and Francis Group Definition and Characteristic-Avalanche http//geosurvey. state. co. us/Default. aspx? tabid=399 Hopes fade to Find more Survivors from Austrian Avalanche (posted February 25, 1999) http//www. cnn. com/WORLD/europe/9902/25/europe. snow. 01/index. html McClung, D. & Scaerer, (2006) P. The Av alanche Handbook. USA The Mountaineers Books Waugh, D. (2000) Geography An Integrated ascend UK Nelson Thornes

Macroeconomics, Airline Industry Essay

Economical can be one of the major factors for the airline industry. Due to the rate of war and terrorist event, the growth rate of economy melodramatic slowdown, capacity demand, which gains the low yield to the airline industry. Moreover, oil prices increase also affect their profits. The social sector, which are strongly from employment perspective and safety.The technology in airline industry is fast moving, however its very wooly. Alliance gives the opportunity to the major airline to domiciliate customer global route coverage. ecologic factor rests of recycling, the level of pollution and attitudes to the environment. For the airline industry, pollution pitchs to be very important.Legislation fior the airline consist of employment laws, company law, tax law and their regulation. Redundancy, landing right, health and safety, which are all the airlines, should be considered as a legal factor.Airline industry recovered and it become more attractive for investor. Economical and governmental factor has always been and continues to be the two major external environmental drivers influencing the airline industry.Read moreEssay on Airline IndustryA low cost carrier (also known as a no-frills or discount carrier) is an airline that offers generally low fares in exchange for eliminating umteen traditional passenger services. The model represented by the (LCC) or low cost carrier is not an innovation, some of the LCC are linked to major and traditional airlines companies, but its evolution has quickly become the controlling management model and through the development of the Internet has experienced the most growth.Though many airlines offer fares at a reduced rate on one or more of their routes at concomitant times, the simple act of offering cheap fares does not necessarily make them a LCC. Low cost carrier with the specific aim of operating with a lower cost structure than traditional operators in order to create lower fares.Greater efficiency and cos t savings have been achieved in a variety of ways, most notably through increased aircraft and crew utilization aided by the exercising of aircraft operated in a single class with more endues than would be possible with business class. LCC tend to operate a single type of aircraft, a strategy that produces economies of scope in aircraft maintenance and flexibleness in the use of crew. Savings is achieved by selling tickets directly to customers (often through Internet and call effect ticket sales) and therefore by-passing travel agents distribution channels, re-engineered business processes and negotiation to gain reductions in airport charges.Tourists such as business passengers with a need for frequent scheduling, inter-flight flexibility with differentiation being offered through in-person space and comfort on-board, in flight entertainment and free food and alcoholic drinks, frequent aviator programmes, free airport lounges and use of major city airports (typically with hig her landing charges). All these features raise seat costs.

How the Internet Has Changed Life Essay

Our stand firms have changed beyond recognition since the Internet was launched in the year 1989. In a short space of 18 years people argon already beginning to marvel how they would ever have coped without it. We use the it to send e-mail, pay out utility bills, reserve tickets for flights or theatre, update our bank accounts, apply for loans and mortgages, purchase stock market sh ares, browse and purchase items from Internet stores, and of course to take care up on every kind of day to day information, e. g. news, weather and financial market indexes. antecedently all these tasks entailed time-consuming and laborious physical procedures.see moreshort paragraph on internetFor example, finding time on a weekday to visit the bank was irksome and clashed with our 9-5 routine. We used the snail-mail for our post, and queued up hours to becharm tickets to theatres or sports pull downts. We couldnt even think of getting a bank loan, or a mortgage, without a stern appointment with o ur bank manager, and approximately of our shopping was necessarily a chore. Many are opting to telecommute as well, which means that they work from home with the PC connected to the office intranet, so they are able to neutralize the horror of commuting to and from work daily.The Internet is straightaway the primary means to respectable a job. Students secure admissions to college and university online. After having got in they continue to depend on the Internet to collect course notes and other field of force clobbers, and even submit completed papers to their instructors. This is not to mention that the Internet is the greatest possible witness of scholarly information. Not nevertheless is the university library at the students fingertips, but the Internet itself is the nearly comprehensive library imaginable.Even romance is not exempt from the digital domain. Through online dating agencies galore(postnominal) people meet their future life partners and spouses on the Net . Not only work, the Internet has also lead our station for play. Browsing the Net has become our favorite pastime, and indeed an addiction for many. We frequent websites based on our favorite sports personalities and movie stars. Web chatting is also a hugely popular pastime on the Internet, where live conversations and discussions are carried out on specially designed thematic forums.With the advent of file sharing we are swapping and sharing music and videos over the Net based on fan clubs and interest groups. By a recent estimate (Lipsman 2008) 694 million people worldwide use the Internet on a mend basis. This is a measure of how far it has infiltrated and changed our lives. Paradoxically, the Internet was devised by the military and was originally meant for the most secretive information. It is now the very by-word for openness. Of course, as with every technology, there are attendant evils. Along with authentic and reliable information, there is a flood of vindictive and m otivated propaganda.Just as scholars are able to meet on the net to advance knowledge, so do terrorists come together with their evil designs. Healthy entertainment is overwhelmed by the perverse form of it. In a recent study (Flichy 2007) it has been estimated that a quarter of all the websites are pornographic. The revered institution of copyright is universe ravaged more and more everyday, where copyrighted material is being made freely obtainable by unscrupulous parties, to the detriment of artists and inventors everywhere. The music industry is losing everyday its skirmish against the Internet piracy of music.Hackers also pose another looming menace. Not everything fed into the Internet is meant to be available to everyone. Much of it is personal or corporate information that is for restricted use. Hackers try to break into databases containing such information, strictly for disruptive purposes. All the problems mentioned above derive from the characteristically open natur e of the Internet. When it is abused it is open to evil, even to the same extent that it is a cause for good. In this last respect the Internet is affecting the most profound change to our society.It is the incursions into covert, private property and decency that pose the gravest dangers, and therefore threatens to change our society in fundamental ways. All these dangers were apparent in the very early days of the Internet. Writing in the Encarta Yearbook of 1996 Gary Chapman says This new information network ignores geographic and governmental barriers, undermines obscenity and pornography laws and restrictions, has the potential to invade individual privacy in numerous ways, and threatens to divide society between the information haves and have-nots.The government was quick to react to such alarm. In the same year Congress passed the CDA (Communications Decency Act) with the aim of cleansing the Internet of all forms of pornography. solely is quickly became apparent to all p arties that such a law was non-enforceable. As in all obscenity trials throughout the history of the country, the borders of obscenity could neer be agreed upon. Any effort in this direction in short found itself in direct opposition to the first base Amendment of the Constitution, that which protects free speech and opinion.Consequently, the following year the tyrannical hail annulled the Congressional ruling as unconstitutional, and Justice John Paul Stevens (1997), in his summary of the Courts opinion, identified the problem starkly Notwithstanding the legitimacy and importance of the Congressional goal of defend children from harmful materials, we agree with the three-judge District Court that the statute abridges the freedom of speech protected by the First Amendment. The Internet being the contour of free speech, it proved impossible to curtail it in any way.In more recent times Professor Lawrence Lessig of the University of Chicago has pointed to a deeper link between t he Internet and the American psyche. throw in the toweldom of speech, he avers, is the fundamental tenet of American culture, and any encroachment on this principle threatens the community as a whole. He opposes the new laws passed by Congress more recently that are aimed at stemming piracy What the law demands today is increasingly silly as a sheriff arresting an airplane for trespass. But the consequences of this silliness will be much more profound (Lessig, 2004, p. 12).Lessigs argument is that censorship has never been effectively carried out on American soil, and it is exactly this which has imbued character to the nation and has made it great. All the greatest accomplishment in art and science were result of free speech, he maintains. In his book Free Culture How Big Media Uses Technology and the Law to Lock vote down Culture he goes on to plant how Walt Disney was in effect the master pirate. He burst into the limelight in the year 1928 with the short biography Steamboat Bill, featuring the character of Mickey Mouse is a previous personification as Willie.Not only did this steal the name from Buster Keatons 1928 classic Steamboat Bill Jr but the plot and humor it as well. Lessig builds on this document by showing that each and every one of Disneys sumptuous productions were concocted from material of various talent, none of whom are acknowledged. The special stamp of Disney came from the subroutine of the mix, and even more so from the process of burn, by which his creation enters culture and becomes an integral part of the American psyche. Rip, mix and burn, he says is the formula lowlife Americas entrepreneurial success.It personified the American way to creativity, which must necessarily flourish in an environment of free speech These values built a customs duty that, for at least the first one hundred eighty years of our Republic, guaranteed creators the right to build freely upon their past, and protected creators and innovators from eithe r state or private control. Our tradition was neither Soviet nor the tradition of patrons. It instead carved out a wide berth deep down which creators could cultivate and extend our culture. (Ibid, p. 10)Any form of censorship is to create a nobility of information, where only the inside(a) have access, and this is fundamentally un-American. But it is nobility of any form that is alien to our culture (Ibid, p. 11). Lessig avers hope for the Internet, even though he is unable to offer concrete examples of creativity emerging from the tumultuous mix that is the Internet. He reasons from history, tradition and the American ideal. At the heart of this ideal is free speech, and the Internet is the ultimate embodiment of it.It the experience of many that the Internet is a force for good, despite the endless avenues for corruption that it leaves open. The general finding of fact is that the good outweighs the evil, which is in line with the optimism expressed by Lessig.ReferencesChapma n, G. (1996). The Internet Promise and Peril in Cyberspace. Encarta Yearbook, whitethorn 1996. New York Microsoft Corporation. Flichy, P. (2007). The Internet Imaginaire. Cambridge, MA MIT Press. Lessig, L. (2004). Free Culture How Big Media Uses Technology and the Law to Lock Down Culture. New York Penguin Publishers.